Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the infinite series \(\sum_{n=3}^\infty \frac{5 + 7n - 3n^2}{[n(n+1)]^2}\).

Solution

The provided image shows a mathematical derivation for an infinite series. Let's break down the work presented:

  1. Original Series Setup: The problem begins with an infinite series: n=35+7n3n2[n(n+1)]2.\sum_{n=3}^\infty \frac{5 + 7n - 3n^2}{[n(n+1)]^2}.

  2. Substitution of Variables: A substitution is made, setting n=k+1n = k+1, which shifts the series starting index from n=3n=3 to k=2k=2. Under this transformation: n=k+1    3=k+1    k=2.n = k+1 \implies 3 = k+1 \implies k = 2. After substitution, the series becomes: k=25+7(k+1)3(k+1)2[(k+1)k(k+2)]2.\sum_{k=2}^\infty \frac{5 + 7(k+1) - 3(k+1)^2}{[(k+1)k(k+2)]^2}.

  3. Simplification: The numerator is simplified as: 5+7(k+1)3(k+1)2=5+7k+73(k2+2k+1)=9+k3k2.5 + 7(k+1) - 3(k+1)^2 = 5 + 7k + 7 - 3(k^2 + 2k + 1) = 9 + k - 3k^2. The series becomes: k=29+k3k2[(k+1)(k+2)]2.\sum_{k=2}^\infty \frac{9 + k - 3k^2}{[(k+1)(k+2)]^2}.

  4. Decomposition: For k=2k=2, the first term is calculated separately: [ \frac{9 + 2 - 3(2)^2}{[(2+1)(2+2)]^2} = \frac{-7}{[3 \cdot 4]^2} = \frac{-7}{144}. ]

    The remaining series continues for k3k \geq 3: k=39+k3k2[(k+1)(k+2)]2.\sum_{k=3}^\infty \frac{9 + k - 3k^2}{[(k+1)(k+2)]^2}.

  5. Final Summation: The terms are combined and simplified. The result of the sum is: 49.-\frac{4}{9}.


Would you like a detailed explanation of any particular step or have questions about the technique?

Here are five relative questions to expand understanding:

  1. What is the rationale behind using substitutions like n=k+1n = k+1 in summations?
  2. How can the numerator simplification 9+k3k29 + k - 3k^2 be verified step-by-step?
  3. What alternative methods exist to compute or approximate infinite series like this one?
  4. How does the initial k=2k=2 term impact the convergence of the series?
  5. Can this technique be applied to summations involving factorials or exponential terms?

Tip: Breaking a complex series into parts (like isolating the first few terms) often

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Infinite Series
Summation Techniques
Algebraic Simplification
Substitution

Formulas

General series formula \(\sum_{n=a}^\infty f(n)\)
Simplification of quadratic expressions \(ax^2 + bx + c\)
Summation of fractions involving products \([n(n+1)]^2\)

Theorems

Infinite Series Convergence

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Level Mathematics