Math Problem Statement

If f(z) = (z - sin(sin(z))) / z^3, then z = 0 is:

Solution

The given problem asks for the nature of the point z=0z = 0 for the function:

f(z)=zsin(sin(z))z3.f(z) = \frac{z - \sin(\sin(z))}{z^3}.

Step 1: Identifying potential issues at z=0z = 0

The function is expressed as a fraction, and we are evaluating the behavior around z=0z = 0. At z=0z = 0, the denominator is 0, which suggests a singularity or an issue in defining the function directly. To classify the nature of the singularity, we need to analyze the behavior of both the numerator and denominator near z=0z = 0.


Step 2: Expanding the numerator using Taylor series

For small zz, we can approximate sin(z)\sin(z) and sin(sin(z))\sin(\sin(z)) using their Taylor series expansions:

  1. Taylor expansion of sin(z)\sin(z): sin(z)=zz36+O(z5).\sin(z) = z - \frac{z^3}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^5).
  2. Taylor expansion of sin(sin(z))\sin(\sin(z)): Substituting the first few terms of sin(z)\sin(z) into itself: sin(sin(z))=sin(zz36+O(z5))=zz36+O(z5).\sin(\sin(z)) = \sin\left(z - \frac{z^3}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^5)\right) = z - \frac{z^3}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^5).

Thus: zsin(sin(z))=z(zz36+O(z5))=z36+O(z5).z - \sin(\sin(z)) = z - \left(z - \frac{z^3}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^5)\right) = \frac{z^3}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^5).


Step 3: Simplifying the function f(z)f(z)

We now substitute the above expansion into the function:

f(z)=z36+O(z5)z3=16+O(z2).f(z) = \frac{\frac{z^3}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^5)}{z^3} = \frac{1}{6} + \mathcal{O}(z^2).

As z0z \to 0, the function f(z)f(z) approaches 16\frac{1}{6}, which means it has a finite limit at z=0z = 0.


Step 4: Classifying the singularity

Since the function f(z)f(z) has a finite value at z=0z = 0, the singularity at this point is removable. That is, we can redefine the function at z=0z = 0 to be f(0)=16f(0) = \frac{1}{6}, making the function continuous.


Final Answer

The correct classification for z=0z = 0 is:

Removable singularity.


Would you like further details or additional examples of different types of singularities?

Related Questions:

  1. What is the difference between a pole and a removable singularity?
  2. How do you compute Laurent series for complex functions?
  3. What are essential singularities and how do they differ from poles?
  4. Can a singularity be both isolated and removable?
  5. How is the behavior of a function near a singularity related to its residue?

Tip: Removable singularities occur when the limit of a function exists at a point where it is not originally defined.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Complex Analysis
Singularities
Taylor Series Expansion

Formulas

Taylor expansion of sin(z): sin(z) = z - z^3 / 6 + O(z^5)
sin(sin(z)) ≈ z - z^3 / 6 + O(z^5)
f(z) = (z - sin(sin(z))) / z^3 = 1/6 + O(z^2)

Theorems

Classification of Singularities
Taylor Series

Suitable Grade Level

University-level (undergraduate)