Let's go through each part of this question.

Part (a)

In this scenario, only one card is drawn, corresponding to a single medical school. Since each student has an equal chance of being chosen if we select one from a larger, shuffled group of students, this would be a random sample of the medical school (not of the individual students). However, it is not a simple random sample because we are not choosing individual students directly; instead, we are selecting groups of students based on their school.

So, for part (a):

• This sample is not a simple random sample.
• This sample is a random sample.

Part (b)

In this scenario, all 462 student names are on individual cards, shuffled, and then 40 cards are chosen. Since each student has an equal chance of selection and any 40 students could be selected, this qualifies as both a simple random sample and a random sample of the students.

So, for part (b):

• This sample is a simple random sample.
• This sample is a random sample.

Part (c)

In this case, we are selecting students based on a specific characteristic (age), which introduces a selection bias and makes it not a random sample. Additionally, since it does not give every possible combination of students an equal chance of being selected, it is not a simple random sample either.

So, for part (c):

• This sample is not a simple random sample.
• This sample is not a random sample.

---

Boxplot and 5-Number Summary

For the 5-number summary, we need the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), and maximum of the provided data set. Here’s the data in ascending order:

$124, 126, 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 139, 141, 142, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 157, 158, 159, 162, 169$

1. Minimum: 124
2. Q1: The first quartile is the median of the first half (up to 141), which is 133.
3. Median: The middle value is 142.
4. Q3: The third quartile is the median of the second half (from 142 onward), which is 157.
5. Maximum: 169

Thus, the 5-number summary is: 124, 133, 142, 157, 169 (all values in mBq).

---

Summary

1. Part (a): Not a simple random sample; is a random sample.
2. Part (b): Is a simple random sample; is a random sample.
3. Part (c): Not a simple random sample; not a random sample.
4. 5-number summary: 124, 133, 142, 157, 169 mBq.

Would you like more details on any part or help constructing the boxplot?

---

Follow-up Questions:

1. How does selecting based on characteristics like age affect randomness?
2. What conditions must be met for a sample to qualify as a simple random sample?
3. How is a boxplot helpful in visualizing data distribution?
4. What are some limitations of using only a 5-number summary for data interpretation?
5. How can the central tendency and spread of data be impacted by outliers?

Tip: Remember, a simple random sample is unbiased because each subject is chosen independently with equal chance.