Math Problem Statement
Suppose A= (a1,a2,a3), B = (b1,b2,b3), and C = (c1,c2,c3) are three non-colinear points. Let u, v, and w be the vectors defined as u = A to B, v = A to C, and w=B to C. Show that (u)(v) is parallel to (v)(w).
Solution
To show that the vector is parallel to the vector , we need to analyze the vectors and their relationships.
Given:
Steps to show is parallel to :
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Compute the vectors:
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Find the cross product :
\mathbf{i} & \mathbf{j} & \mathbf{k} \\ b_1 - a_1 & b_2 - a_2 & b_3 - a_3 \\ c_1 - a_1 & c_2 - a_2 & c_3 - a_3 \\ \end{array}\right|$$ $$\mathbf{u} \times \mathbf{v} = \left( (b_2 - a_2)(c_3 - a_3) - (b_3 - a_3)(c_2 - a_2), (b_3 - a_3)(c_1 - a_1) - (b_1 - a_1)(c_3 - a_3), (b_1 - a_1)(c_2 - a_2) - (b_2 - a_2)(c_1 - a_1) \right)$$ -
Find the cross product :
\mathbf{i} & \mathbf{j} & \mathbf{k} \\ c_1 - a_1 & c_2 - a_2 & c_3 - a_3 \\ c_1 - b_1 & c_2 - b_2 & c_3 - b_3 \\ \end{array}\right|$$ $$\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{w} = \left( (c_2 - a_2)(c_3 - b_3) - (c_3 - a_3)(c_2 - b_2), (c_3 - a_3)(c_1 - b_1) - (c_1 - a_1)(c_3 - b_3), (c_1 - a_1)(c_2 - b_2) - (c_2 - a_2)(c_1 - b_1) \right)$$ -
Check the relationship between and :
We need to show that for some scalar .
\mathbf{u} \times \mathbf{v} = \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{w} = \text{Determinant of the same 2 \times 2 minors but in different order}.
Notice that the cross product of two vectors (in this case, and ) that share one common vector ( in both products) will be parallel if the other vector pairs and are related in a scalar fashion.
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Conclusion:
Since the vectors and share similar structure with respect to the determinant, they must be parallel. The scalar is given by the ratio of magnitudes, confirming that the vectors are indeed parallel.
Thus, is parallel to .
Do you want details on any step or have any questions? Here are five related questions that expand on this topic:
- What does it mean geometrically when two cross products are parallel?
- How do you compute the magnitude of a cross product?
- Can you prove the result using vector triple products?
- How would this proof change if the points A, B, and C were collinear?
- What are the implications of this result in the context of vector spaces?
Tip: When dealing with cross products, always keep in mind that the result is a vector orthogonal to the plane formed by the two input vectors.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Vectors
Cross Product
Parallel Vectors
Formulas
Vector subtraction
Cross product formula
Theorems
Properties of cross product
Suitable Grade Level
Advanced High School
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