Let's solve the questions from the image one by one.

1. Measurement

• Given: 25.4 millimeters
• Task: Write this number in scientific notation.
• Solution: $25.4 \text{ millimeters} = 2.54 \times 10^1 \text{ millimeters}$

2. Population

• Given: Population of Rahway, New Jersey, was 26,500.
• Task: Write this number in scientific notation.
• Solution: $26,500 = 2.65 \times 10^4$

3. Measurement

• Given: One nanometer is $1.0 \times 10^{-9}$ meters.
• Task: Write this number in standard notation.
• Solution: $1.0 \times 10^{-9} \text{ meters} = 0.000000001 \text{ meters}$

4. Physics

• Given: The speed of light is about $1.86 \times 10^5$ miles per second.
• Task: Write this number in standard notation.
• Solution: $1.86 \times 10^5 \text{ miles per second} = 186,000 \text{ miles per second}$

5. Computers

• Given: A CD can store about 650,000,000 bytes of data.
• Task: Write this number in scientific notation.
• Solution: $650,000,000 \text{ bytes} = 6.5 \times 10^8 \text{ bytes}$

6. Space

• Given: The diameter of the Sun is about $1.39 \times 10^9$ meters.
• Task: Write this number in standard notation.
• Solution: $1.39 \times 10^9 \text{ meters} = 1,390,000,000 \text{ meters}$

7. Biology

• Given: The diameter of a certain virus is $0.000000028$ meters.
• Task: Write this number in scientific notation.
• Solution: $0.000000028 \text{ meters} = 2.8 \times 10^{-8} \text{ meters}$

8. Mass

• Given: The mass of planet Earth is about $5.98 \times 10^{24}$ kilograms.
• Task: Write this number in standard notation.
• Solution: $5.98 \times 10^{24} \text{ kilograms} = 5,980,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 \text{ kilograms}$

Would you like more details on any of these solutions, or do you have any questions?

Here are five related questions for further practice:

1. Convert $3.45 \times 10^2$ to standard notation.
2. Write $0.0000075$ in scientific notation.
3. What is $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ written in standard notation?
4. Convert $4.67 \times 10^{-3}$ to standard notation.
5. Write $7,890,000$ in scientific notation.

Tip: Remember, scientific notation is especially useful for expressing very large or very small numbers in a more manageable form.