Math Problem Statement

A ramjet uses a hydrocarbon fuel with QR = 42,800 kJ/kg flying at Mach 2 in an atmosphere where a0 = 300 m/s. Its exhaust is perfectly expanded and the exhaust velocity is Vj = 1200 m/s. Assuming the inlet total pressure recovery is πd = 0.90, the burner losses are ηb = 0.98 and ηn = 0.96, the nozzle total pressure ratio is πn = 0.98 and γ = 1.4 and cp = 1.004 kJ/kgK are constant throughout the engine, calculate: a. fuel-to-air ratio b. non-dimensional-specific thrust c. propulsive efficiency d. thermal efficiency

Solution

The problem describes a ramjet engine operating at Mach 2 with hydrocarbon fuel. Let's break down the key details to solve the problem, step by step:

Given Data:

  • Fuel heating value: QR=42,800kJ/kgQ_R = 42,800 \, \text{kJ/kg}
  • Flight Mach number: M0=2M_0 = 2
  • Free-stream speed of sound: a0=300m/sa_0 = 300 \, \text{m/s}
  • Free-stream velocity: V0=M0a0=2×300=600m/sV_0 = M_0 \cdot a_0 = 2 \times 300 = 600 \, \text{m/s}
  • Exhaust velocity: Vj=1200m/sV_j = 1200 \, \text{m/s}
  • Inlet total pressure recovery: πd=0.90\pi_d = 0.90
  • Burner losses: ηb=0.98\eta_b = 0.98, ηn=0.96\eta_n = 0.96
  • Nozzle total pressure ratio: πn=0.98\pi_n = 0.98
  • Specific heat ratio: γ=1.4\gamma = 1.4
  • Specific heat at constant pressure: cp=1.004kJ/kgKc_p = 1.004 \, \text{kJ/kgK}

Steps:

1. Determine the fuel-to-air ratio ff:

The fuel-to-air ratio can be determined using the equation:

f=ηbcpT0(TjT01)QRf = \frac{\eta_b \cdot c_p \cdot T_0 \cdot \left( \frac{T_j}{T_0} - 1 \right)}{Q_R}

where TjT_j and T0T_0 are the stagnation temperatures at the exit and at the freestream.

2. Non-dimensional Specific Thrust Fsm˙aV0\frac{F_s}{\dot{m}_a \cdot V_0}:

The non-dimensional specific thrust is given by:

Fsm˙aV0=VjV0V0+fVjV01ηnηn\frac{F_s}{\dot{m}_a \cdot V_0} = \frac{V_j - V_0}{V_0} + f \cdot \frac{V_j}{V_0} \cdot \frac{1 - \eta_n}{\eta_n}

3. Propulsive Efficiency ηp\eta_p:

ηp=2V0Vj+V0\eta_p = \frac{2 \cdot V_0}{V_j + V_0}

4. Thermal Efficiency ηt\eta_t:

ηt=12(Vj2V02)fQR\eta_t = \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot (V_j^2 - V_0^2)}{f \cdot Q_R}

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Thermodynamics
Aerodynamics
Propulsion

Formulas

f = (ηb * cp * T0 * (Tj / T0 - 1)) / QR
Specific Thrust = (Vj - V0) / V0 + f * (Vj / V0) * (1 - ηn) / ηn
Propulsive Efficiency = (2 * V0) / (Vj + V0)
Thermal Efficiency = (0.5 * (Vj^2 - V0^2)) / (f * QR)

Theorems

Thermodynamic Efficiency
Ramjet Propulsion Theorems

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Engineering