Math Problem Statement

Solve ii. Step by step .

If A = [[1, 3, -1], [-3, -5, 8], [1, 8, 9]], prove that A + A^T is a symmetric matrix.

Solution

Let's solve part (ii) of the problem step by step:

We are given matrix AA and asked to show that A+ATA + A^T is a symmetric matrix.

Step 1: Recall the Definition of Symmetric Matrix

A matrix MM is symmetric if M=MTM = M^T. That is, a matrix is symmetric if it is equal to its own transpose.

Step 2: Write Down the Matrix AA

The given matrix AA is:

1 & 3 & -1 \\ -3 & -5 & 8 \\ 1 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix}$$ ### Step 3: Compute the Transpose of $$A$$, Denoted by $$A^T$$ To find the transpose $$A^T$$, we swap the rows and columns of $$A$$. The result is: $$A^T = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -3 & 1 \\ 3 & -5 & 8 \\ -1 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix}$$ ### Step 4: Add $$A$$ and $$A^T$$ Now, we compute $$A + A^T$$. This is done by adding the corresponding elements of $$A$$ and $$A^T$$. $$A + A^T = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 3 & -1 \\ -3 & -5 & 8 \\ 1 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -3 & 1 \\ 3 & -5 & 8 \\ -1 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix}$$ Perform the element-wise addition: $$A + A^T = \begin{pmatrix} 1 + 1 & 3 + (-3) & -1 + 1 \\ -3 + 3 & -5 + (-5) & 8 + 8 \\ 1 + (-1) & 8 + 8 & 9 + 9 \end{pmatrix}$$ This simplifies to: $$A + A^T = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -10 & 16 \\ 0 & 16 & 18 \end{pmatrix}$$ ### Step 5: Check if $$A + A^T$$ is Symmetric For $$A + A^T$$ to be symmetric, it must satisfy the condition $$(A + A^T) = (A + A^T)^T$$. In other words, the matrix must be equal to its transpose. Let's take the transpose of $$A + A^T$$: $$(A + A^T)^T = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -10 & 16 \\ 0 & 16 & 18 \end{pmatrix}^T$$ Since the transpose of a symmetric matrix is itself, we find: $$(A + A^T)^T = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -10 & 16 \\ 0 & 16 & 18 \end{pmatrix}$$ Clearly, $$A + A^T = (A + A^T)^T$$, confirming that $$A + A^T$$ is indeed symmetric. ### Final Answer: Yes, $$A + A^T$$ is a symmetric matrix. --- Do you want details or have any questions? Here are 5 relative questions for more practice: 1. What is the condition for a matrix to be skew-symmetric? 2. How do you compute the determinant of a 3x3 matrix? 3. If $$A$$ is a symmetric matrix, what can be said about its eigenvalues? 4. Can a non-square matrix be symmetric or skew-symmetric? 5. How is matrix multiplication affected when using symmetric matrices? **Tip**: To check if a matrix is symmetric or skew-symmetric, always compute its transpose and compare it to the original matrix!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Matrix Algebra
Symmetry in Matrices
Matrix Transpose

Formulas

Transpose of a matrix A^T: Swap rows and columns of A
Symmetric matrix condition: A = A^T

Theorems

A matrix is symmetric if it equals its transpose (A = A^T)

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12 or introductory college level