Math Problem Statement
Assume that the readings at freezing on a batch of thermometers are normally distributed with a mean of 0°C and a standard deviation of 1.00°C. A single thermometer is randomly selected and tested. Find the probability of obtaining a reading between 0°C and 0.94°C.
Solution
To solve this problem, we will use the standard normal distribution (Z-distribution) since the thermometer readings are normally distributed with a mean () of and a standard deviation () of .
Step-by-Step Solution:
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Define the Problem:
- Mean () =
- Standard Deviation () =
- Find the probability , where is the reading.
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Convert to Z-scores: The Z-score formula is: For : For :
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Find the Corresponding Probabilities: Using a standard normal table or a calculator:
- For , the cumulative probability is:
- For , the cumulative probability is approximately:
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Calculate the Desired Probability: The probability of obtaining a reading between and is: Substituting the values:
Final Answer:
The probability of obtaining a reading between and is 0.3264 (or 32.64%).
Would you like further clarification or additional examples?
Here are 5 related questions to expand your understanding:
- What is the probability of obtaining a reading less than ?
- How would the probability change if the standard deviation was 0.5°C instead of 1°C?
- What is the probability of obtaining a reading greater than ?
- How can we calculate probabilities for readings in a non-standard normal distribution?
- How do cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) help in solving such problems?
Tip: Always check if the distribution is standard normal or requires a Z-score transformation!
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Probability
Normal Distribution
Z-scores
Formulas
Z = (X - μ) / σ
P(a ≤ X ≤ b) = P(Z ≤ Zb) - P(Z ≤ Za)
Theorems
Properties of the Standard Normal Distribution
Suitable Grade Level
Grades 9-12
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