Math Problem Statement

A marble is selected from a bag containing eight marbles numbered 1 to 8. The number on the marble selected will be recorded as the outcome. Event A: The marble selected has an even number. Event B: The marble selected has a number from 3 to 6. Give the outcomes for each of the following events: (a) Event 'A or B', (b) Event 'A and B', (c) The complement of the event B.

Solution

To solve this, let's break down each event with respect to the information given.

  1. Sample Space (S): The marbles are numbered from 1 to 8, so the sample space is: S={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}S = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}

  2. Event Definitions:

    • Event AA: The marble selected has an even number. Thus: A={2,4,6,8}A = \{2, 4, 6, 8\}
    • Event BB: The marble selected has a number from 3 to 6. Thus: B={3,4,5,6}B = \{3, 4, 5, 6\}
  3. Calculating Outcomes:

    • (a) Event A or BA \text{ or } B: This includes outcomes in either AA or BB or both. The union of AA and BB is: AB={2,3,4,5,6,8}A \cup B = \{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8\}
    • (b) Event A and BA \text{ and } B: This includes outcomes that are in both AA and BB. The intersection of AA and BB is: AB={4,6}A \cap B = \{4, 6\}
    • (c) The complement of event BB: This includes outcomes that are in SS but not in BB: B={1,2,7,8}B' = \{1, 2, 7, 8\}

Final Answers:

  • (a) A or BA \text{ or } B: {2,3,4,5,6,8}\{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8\}
  • (b) A and BA \text{ and } B: {4,6}\{4, 6\}
  • (c) Complement of BB: {1,2,7,8}\{1, 2, 7, 8\}

Would you like a detailed explanation of any of these steps?

Here are some related questions for further practice:

  1. What is the probability of selecting an even-numbered marble from the bag?
  2. What is the probability of selecting a marble numbered 3 to 6?
  3. How many outcomes are there in the complement of event AA?
  4. If the bag also contained marbles numbered 9 and 10, how would that affect the events?
  5. What is the probability of selecting a marble that meets both conditions AA and BB?

Tip: For events involving "or" (union) and "and" (intersection), visualize them with a Venn diagram to better understand overlapping elements.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Set Theory

Formulas

Union of sets A ∪ B
Intersection of sets A ∩ B
Complement of a set B'

Theorems

Union and Intersection of Sets
Complement of a Set

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 6-8