Math Problem Statement
A manufacturing machine has a 7% defect rate.
If 10 items are chosen at random, what is the probability that at least one will have a defect?
Round to three decimal places
Solution
To solve this problem, we’ll use the complement rule, which is easier here than directly calculating probabilities for one or more defective items.
Step-by-Step Solution
-
Define the Probability of No Defect:
Since the defect rate is , the probability of selecting a non-defective item is: -
Calculate the Probability of All 10 Items Being Non-Defective:
If we choose 10 items at random, the probability that all of them are non-defective is: -
Calculate the Complement (At Least One Defective Item):
The probability of having at least one defective item is the complement of all 10 items being non-defective. So: -
Compute the Result:
Final Answer
The probability that at least one of the 10 items will have a defect is approximately:
Would you like further details, or do you have any questions about the steps?
Related Questions:
- What would the probability be if the defect rate was increased to 10%?
- How does the probability change if only 5 items are selected instead of 10?
- What is the probability of finding exactly one defective item out of 10?
- How would you calculate the probability of exactly two defective items in a batch of 10?
- How would this calculation differ if items were chosen one at a time with replacement?
Tip: Using the complement rule can often simplify calculations, especially when "at least one" is involved.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Probability
Complement Rule
Formulas
P(at least one defect) = 1 - (P(no defect))^n
Theorems
Complement Rule in Probability
Suitable Grade Level
Grades 10-12
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