Math Problem Statement

Find a power series centered at 0 for the function: f(x) = \( \frac{1}{(1 + 13x)^2} \). (Hint: what is the derivative of \( \frac{1}{1 + 13x} \)?)

Solution

To solve this, we need to find the power series centered at 0 for the function f(x)=1(1+13x)2f(x) = \frac{1}{(1 + 13x)^2}.

Step-by-Step Solution

  1. Recognize the Structure of the Series: The function is in the form f(x)=1(1+13x)2f(x) = \frac{1}{(1 + 13x)^2}, which suggests using a derivative approach from the geometric series 11u=n=0un\frac{1}{1 - u} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} u^n (valid for u<1|u| < 1).

  2. Rewrite Using a Derivative: The hint suggests finding the derivative of 11+13x\frac{1}{1 + 13x}. Let: g(x)=11+13xg(x) = \frac{1}{1 + 13x} so that f(x)=g(x)f(x) = g'(x).

  3. Differentiate g(x)g(x): We know g(x)=11+13xg(x) = \frac{1}{1 + 13x}, which expands as: g(x)=n=0(13x)n=n=0(1)n13nxn.g(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (-13x)^n = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (-1)^n 13^n x^n. To get f(x)=g(x)f(x) = g'(x), differentiate term-by-term: f(x)=ddx(n=0(1)n13nxn)=n=1(1)n13nnxn1.f(x) = \frac{d}{dx} \left( \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (-1)^n 13^n x^n \right) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^n 13^n n x^{n-1}.

  4. Match the Result with the Given Choices: This derived expression, f(x)=n=1(1)n13nnxn1f(x) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^n 13^n n x^{n-1}, matches the third answer option in the list.

Answer:

The correct answer is: n=1(1)n13nnxn1.\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^n 13^n n x^{n-1}.

Would you like a detailed breakdown of each step or have questions on any part?


  1. How is a power series expansion derived for a function like 1(1+13x)2\frac{1}{(1 + 13x)^2}?
  2. Why is the derivative approach useful in this context?
  3. How do we determine the radius of convergence for such a series?
  4. Can this method be applied to other functions of the form 1(1+ax)2\frac{1}{(1 + ax)^2}?
  5. What other techniques can we use to find power series for rational functions?

Tip: Remember that differentiating or integrating known power series expansions term-by-term can simplify finding series for more complex functions.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Power Series
Geometric Series
Differentiation

Formulas

Geometric series: \( \frac{1}{1 - u} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} u^n \)
Term-by-term differentiation of a series

Theorems

Power series expansion
Derivative of a power series

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Calculus