Math Problem Statement

Find a particular solution y_p of the following equation using the Method of Undetermined Coefficients. Primes denote the derivatives with respect to x. y'' + 9y = 2 cos 3x + 3 sin 3x

Solution

To find a particular solution ypy_p of the differential equation

y+9y=2cos3x+3sin3xy'' + 9y = 2 \cos 3x + 3 \sin 3x

using the Method of Undetermined Coefficients, we can follow these steps:

  1. Identify the form of the particular solution: Since the non-homogeneous term on the right side, 2cos3x+3sin3x2 \cos 3x + 3 \sin 3x, is a combination of sine and cosine functions with the same frequency (3), we assume a particular solution of the form:

    yp=Acos3x+Bsin3xy_p = A \cos 3x + B \sin 3x

    where AA and BB are constants to be determined.

  2. Calculate derivatives of ypy_p: First derivative: yp=3Asin3x+3Bcos3xy_p' = -3A \sin 3x + 3B \cos 3x

    Second derivative: yp=9Acos3x9Bsin3xy_p'' = -9A \cos 3x - 9B \sin 3x

  3. Substitute into the differential equation: Substitute ypy_p and ypy_p'' into the left side of the original equation:

    yp+9yp=(9Acos3x9Bsin3x)+9(Acos3x+Bsin3x)y_p'' + 9y_p = (-9A \cos 3x - 9B \sin 3x) + 9(A \cos 3x + B \sin 3x)

    Simplifying this expression gives: yp+9yp=(0)cos3x+(0)sin3xy_p'' + 9y_p = (0) \cos 3x + (0) \sin 3x

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Differential Equations
Method of Undetermined Coefficients
Trigonometric Functions

Formulas

y'' + ay = f(x) (general form of second-order linear differential equation)
y_p = A cos(bx) + B sin(bx) (assumed solution form for non-homogeneous equation with trigonometric right side)

Theorems

Method of Undetermined Coefficients

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate