Let's break down and solve the two parts of the problem:

1. Overtime, Time Rate, and Piece Rate:

We are asked to calculate the total wages for a worker based on the following information:

• Hours worked: 48 hours total (4 hours were overtime and 4 hours were idle due to machine breakdown).
• Rate per hour: P20.00 per hour.
• Overtime pay: 50% extra (i.e., overtime rate is 1.5 times the regular rate).

Solution:

• Regular hours:

  • 44 hours total (48 hours - 4 hours overtime).
  • But since 4 hours were idle, the effective working hours for regular time are 40 hours.

• Overtime hours:

  • 4 hours.

• Idle time:

  • 4 hours (indirect labor, which isn't paid if it's due to machine breakdown).

Wage Calculation:

• Regular pay = 40 hours × P20/hour = P800.
• Overtime pay = 4 hours × P20/hour × 1.5 = P120.
• Total wage = P800 (regular pay) + P120 (overtime pay) = P920.

Answer for Question 1: Total wage = P920.

2. Time Rate and Piece Rate Calculation:

We are given that Tom, David, and Harry process tuna fish for the company, and the two payment options are:

• Piece rate: P25.00 per tuna fish processed.
• Time rate: P50.00 per hour.
• They work 6 hours a day (from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm), 5 days a week.

Employee Output:

• Tom processed 60 tuna.
• David processed 52 tuna.
• Harry processed 68 tuna.

Solution:

(i) Time Rate System:

• Total hours worked per month:
  • 6 hours/day × 5 days/week × 4 weeks = 120 hours per month.

For all employees:

• Monthly wage under time rate = 120 hours × P50/hour = P6,000.

(ii) Piece Rate System:

• Tom's wage = 60 tuna × P25/tuna = P1,500.
• David's wage = 52 tuna × P25/tuna = P1,300.
• Harry's wage = 68 tuna × P25/tuna = P1,700.

Answer for Question 2:

• Time Rate System: All employees earn P6,000 per month.
• Piece Rate System:
  • Tom earns P1,500.
  • David earns P1,300.
  • Harry earns P1,700.

Let me know if you would like more details or have any questions. Here are some related questions:

1. What happens if overtime pay is also included for piece-rate workers?
2. How would indirect labor (idle time) affect the overall company's cost?
3. How can you compare efficiency between piece-rate and time-rate systems?
4. If the rates change, how does that impact each payment method?
5. How can a bonus structure be added to incentivize higher productivity?

Tip: It's useful to compare time rate vs. piece rate for identifying which system incentivizes productivity better.