Math Problem Statement

A manufacturer has determined that the total cost C of operating a factory is C = 0.5x^2 + 15x + 5000, where x is the number of units produced. At what level of production will the average cost per unit be minimized?

Solution

The problem gives the total cost function C(x)=0.5x2+15x+5000C(x) = 0.5x^2 + 15x + 5000, where xx represents the number of units produced. We are tasked with finding the level of production where the average cost per unit is minimized. The average cost per unit is given by AC(x)=C(x)x\text{AC}(x) = \frac{C(x)}{x}.

Steps to solve:

  1. Calculate the Average Cost Function: AC(x)=C(x)x=0.5x2+15x+5000x\text{AC}(x) = \frac{C(x)}{x} = \frac{0.5x^2 + 15x + 5000}{x} Simplifying: AC(x)=0.5x+15+5000x\text{AC}(x) = 0.5x + 15 + \frac{5000}{x}

  2. Minimize the Average Cost: To minimize the average cost function, we need to take its derivative with respect to xx, set it equal to zero, and solve for xx.

    The derivative of AC(x)\text{AC}(x) is: ddx(0.5x+15+5000x)=0.55000x2\frac{d}{dx} \left( 0.5x + 15 + \frac{5000}{x} \right) = 0.5 - \frac{5000}{x^2}

  3. Set the Derivative Equal to Zero: 0.55000x2=00.5 - \frac{5000}{x^2} = 0 Solving for xx: 5000x2=0.5\frac{5000}{x^2} = 0.5 x2=50000.5=10000x^2 = \frac{5000}{0.5} = 10000 x=10000=100x = \sqrt{10000} = 100

Thus, the level of production that minimizes the average cost per unit is x=100x = 100 units.

Would you like further details or have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions you might find interesting:

  1. How would changes in fixed costs (e.g., 5000) affect the minimum average cost?
  2. Can we find the minimum value of the average cost at x=100x = 100?
  3. What if the quadratic term had a negative coefficient (i.e., if costs decreased as production increased)?
  4. How do changes in the coefficient of x2x^2 affect the shape of the cost curve?
  5. How would this method change if the cost function included logarithmic or exponential terms?

Tip: When minimizing functions, always remember to check if your solution corresponds to a minimum by using the second derivative test.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Cost Function
Optimization
Derivative

Formulas

Total Cost Function: C(x) = 0.5x^2 + 15x + 5000
Average Cost Function: AC(x) = C(x)/x = 0.5x + 15 + 5000/x
Derivative of Average Cost Function: d/dx(AC(x)) = 0.5 - 5000/x^2

Theorems

Optimization of Functions
Critical Points by Derivatives

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12, College