Math Problem Statement

Find two positive numbers whose product is 100 and whose sum is a minimum.

Solution

To find two positive numbers whose product is 100 and whose sum is a minimum, follow these steps:

  1. Let the numbers be xx and yy.

    • We know x×y=100x \times y = 100.
  2. Express the sum in terms of one variable.

    • y=100xy = \frac{100}{x}.
    • Sum, S=x+y=x+100xS = x + y = x + \frac{100}{x}.
  3. Minimize the sum SS.

    • Differentiate SS with respect to xx: dSdx=1100x2\frac{dS}{dx} = 1 - \frac{100}{x^2}.
    • Set the derivative to zero: 1100x2=01 - \frac{100}{x^2} = 0.
    • Solve for xx: x2=100x=10x^2 = 100 \Rightarrow x = 10.
  4. Find yy using x=10x = 10.

    • y=100x=10010=10y = \frac{100}{x} = \frac{100}{10} = 10.

Thus, the two numbers are 10 and 10.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Optimization
Algebra
Differentiation

Formulas

S = x + 100/x
Derivative of a function
Critical points

Theorems

First Derivative Test
Critical Points in Calculus

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12