Math Problem Statement

A rectangular box with a volume of 960 ftcubed is to be constructed with a square base and top. The cost per square foot for the bottom is 15cents​, for the top is 10cents​, and for the sides is 1.5cents. What dimensions will minimize the​ cost?

Solution

To find the dimensions of the rectangular box that will minimize the cost, we should first express the cost as a function of the dimensions of the box and then find its minimum value.

  1. Define variables:

    • Let xx be the length of each side of the square base (and top) of the box, in feet.
    • Let hh be the height of the box, in feet.
  2. Volume constraint: The volume of the box is given by: V=x2h=960ft3.V = x^2 \cdot h = 960 \, \text{ft}^3. From this, we can express the height hh in terms of xx: h=960x2.h = \frac{960}{x^2}.

  3. Cost function:

    • The area of the bottom (base) is x2x^2.
    • The area of the top is also x2x^2.
    • The area of the four sides is 4(xh)=4xh=3840x4 \cdot (x \cdot h) = 4xh = \frac{3840}{x} (since 4x960x2=3840x4x \cdot \frac{960}{x^2} = \frac{3840}{x}).

    The cost function C(x)C(x) in dollars can be written as:

    • Cost of the bottom: 0.15×x20.15 \times x^2.
    • Cost of the top: 0.10×x20.10 \times x^2.
    • Cost of the sides: 0.015×3840x0.015 \times \frac{3840}{x}.

    Therefore, the total cost is: C(x)=0.15x2+0.10x2+0.0153840x.C(x) = 0.15x^2 + 0.10x^2 + 0.015 \cdot \frac{3840}{x}. Simplified: C(x)=0.25x2+57.6x.C(x) = 0.25x^2 + \frac{57.6}{x}.

  4. Minimize the cost: To find the minimum cost, take the derivative of C(x)C(x) with respect to xx and set it equal to zero: C(x)=0.50x57.6x2.C'(x) = 0.50x - \frac{57.6}{x^2}. Set C(x)=0C'(x) = 0: 0.50x=57.6x2.0.50x = \frac{57.6}{x^2}. 0.50x3=57.6.0.50x^3 = 57.6. x3=57.60.50.x^3 = \frac{57.6}{0.50}. x3=115.2.x^3 = 115.2. x=115.23.x = \sqrt[3]{115.2}.

    Using a calculator: x4.88ft.x \approx 4.88 \, \text{ft}.

  5. Find hh: Using the volume constraint: h=960x2.h = \frac{960}{x^2}.

    Substituting x4.88x \approx 4.88: h960(4.88)2.h \approx \frac{960}{(4.88)^2}.

    Calculating: h96023.814440.31ft.h \approx \frac{960}{23.8144} \approx 40.31 \, \text{ft}.

  6. Conclusion: The dimensions that minimize the cost of the box are approximately x4.88ftx \approx 4.88 \, \text{ft} for the side of the square base and top, and h40.31fth \approx 40.31 \, \text{ft} for the height.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Optimization
Calculus
Geometry

Formulas

Volume of a rectangular box: V = x^2 * h
Cost function: C(x) = 0.25x^2 + 57.6/x
Derivative for minimization: C'(x) = 0.50x - 57.6/x^2

Theorems

Optimization using derivatives

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 or College-level Calculus