Assume that your experimental mass percentage of copper was 38.92%. Compared to the theoretical mass percent of copper in copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, was the experimental mass percent higher, lower, the same as, or unable to be determined?

To answer this, we first need to calculate the theoretical mass percent of copper in copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate \((\text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5 \text{H}_2\text{O})\).

### Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
- Molar mass of copper (Cu): 63.55 g/mol
- Molar mass of sulfur (S): 32.07 g/mol
- Molar mass of oxygen (O): 16.00 g/mol
- Molar mass of hydrogen (H): 1.01 g/mol

Now, sum the components:
\[
\text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5 \text{H}_2\text{O} = 63.55 (\text{Cu}) + 32.07 (\text{S}) + 4 \times 16.00 (\text{O}) + 5 \times (2 \times 1.01 + 16.00) (\text{H}_2\text{O})
\]
\[
= 63.55 + 32.07 + 64.00 + 5 \times (2.02 + 16.00)
= 63.55 + 32.07 + 64.00 + 5 \times 18.02
= 63.55 + 32.07 + 64.00 + 90.10
= 249.72 \, \text{g/mol}
\]

### Step 2: Calculate the theoretical mass percent of copper
The mass percent of copper is calculated as:
\[
\frac{\text{mass of Cu}}{\text{molar mass of } \text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5 \text{H}_2\text{O}} \times 100 = \frac{63.55}{249.72} \times 100
\]
\[
\approx 25.45\%
\]

### Step 3: Compare the experimental and theoretical percentages
- Experimental mass percent of copper = 38.92%
- Theoretical mass percent of copper = 25.45%

The experimental mass percent of copper is higher than the theoretical value.

Would you like further clarification or additional details?

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Here are 5 related questions:
1. How can impurities in a sample affect the experimental mass percentage?
2. What are some common errors that can lead to an increased mass percentage in experiments?
3. How do you calculate the mass percent of other elements in a compound?
4. What is the significance of the pentahydrate in copper(II) sulfate?
5. How would the mass percentage of copper change if the hydrate lost water molecules?

**Tip:** Always check for experimental errors, such as incomplete reactions or improper drying, which can affect mass percent calculations.

This problem explores how to calculate the mass percent of copper in copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O). Using the molar mass and percentage formula, compare an experimental result of 38.92% with the theoretical mass percent. Ideal for Grades 10-12 chemistry students.

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