Math Problem Statement

solve it

Define linear and non-linear differential equation. Also define order and degree of the differential equation. Find the order and degree of the differential equation of the following equations.

Solution

Let's first break down the question and its components:

Definitions:

  1. Linear Differential Equation: A differential equation is considered linear if the dependent variable yy and its derivatives appear to the first power and are not multiplied or divided by each other.

  2. Non-Linear Differential Equation: A differential equation is non-linear if any term contains powers, products, or other non-linear operations (like square roots or trigonometric functions) involving the dependent variable yy or its derivatives.

  3. Order of a Differential Equation: The order of a differential equation is the highest derivative present in the equation.

  4. Degree of a Differential Equation: The degree of a differential equation is the power of the highest derivative after the equation is made free from radicals and fractions involving derivatives.

Now, let's address the specific differential equation from the image:

(d3ydx3)445xd2ydx2+y=5(dydx)2+y2x\sqrt[4]{\left(\frac{d^3 y}{dx^3}\right)^4} - 5x \cdot \frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} + y = 5 \sqrt{\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2} + y^2 - x

Step-by-step solution:

  1. Simplify the equation:
    • The term (d3ydx3)44\sqrt[4]{\left(\frac{d^3 y}{dx^3}\right)^4} simplifies to d3ydx3\frac{d^3 y}{dx^3}, because taking the fourth root of the fourth power cancels out.
    • The term 5(dydx)25 \sqrt{\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2} simplifies to 5dydx5 \left|\frac{dy}{dx}\right|, which is the absolute value.

So, the equation becomes:

d3ydx35xd2ydx2+y=5dydx+y2x\frac{d^3 y}{dx^3} - 5x \cdot \frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} + y = 5 \left|\frac{dy}{dx}\right| + y^2 - x

  1. Identify if the equation is linear or non-linear:
    • The presence of dydx\left|\frac{dy}{dx}\right| and y2y^2 makes the equation non-linear because these terms are non-linear in the dependent variable yy and its derivatives.

Thus, the equation is non-linear.

  1. Order of the equation:

    • The highest derivative present is d3ydx3\frac{d^3 y}{dx^3}, which makes the order of the differential equation 3.
  2. Degree of the equation:

    • To find the degree, we first eliminate any radicals or absolute value signs, but since the term dydx\left|\frac{dy}{dx}\right| complicates this, it's not possible to assign a degree based on the standard approach.
    • As a result, this equation does not have a well-defined degree in its current form.

Final Answer:

  • Type: Non-linear
  • Order: 3
  • Degree: Not well-defined due to absolute value and non-linear terms.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Differential Equations
Linear and Non-linear Differential Equations
Order of a Differential Equation
Degree of a Differential Equation

Formulas

Order: The highest derivative present in the equation.
Degree: The power of the highest derivative after eliminating radicals and fractions.

Theorems

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Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 or Undergraduate Mathematics