Math Problem Statement

Determine whether the following sets of vectors are linearly independent: A. S = {(2, -1, 3), (1, 1, -2), (3, -3, 8)}, B. T = {(1, 2, 1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0, 0, 1)}.

Solution

To determine whether the sets of vectors are linearly independent, we need to check if the only solution to the equation c1v1+c2v2++cnvn=0c_1 \mathbf{v_1} + c_2 \mathbf{v_2} + \dots + c_n \mathbf{v_n} = \mathbf{0} is the trivial solution (where all coefficients c1,c2,,cn=0c_1, c_2, \dots, c_n = 0).

Let's proceed with the given sets of vectors:

Part A: Set SS

S={(213),(112),(338)}S = \left\{ \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -3 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix} \right\}

We will form a matrix with these vectors as columns and row-reduce it to check if it has a pivot in every column (i.e., if the rank is equal to the number of vectors).

The matrix is:

2 & 1 & 3 \\ -1 & 1 & -3 \\ 3 & -2 & 8 \end{pmatrix}$$ ### Part B: Set $$T$$ $$T = \left\{ \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \right\}$$ The matrix formed from these vectors is: $$\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$ Now, I will row-reduce these matrices to determine if the sets are linearly independent.### Results: - **Set $$S$$:** The matrix formed from the vectors of $$S$$ has rank 2, which is less than the number of vectors (3). This means the vectors in set $$S$$ are **linearly dependent**. - **Set $$T$$:** The matrix formed from the vectors of $$T$$ has rank 3, which is equal to the number of vectors (3). This means the vectors in set $$T$$ are **linearly independent**. Would you like more details or have any questions? Here are five questions you might find helpful: 1. What is the process for row-reducing a matrix manually? 2. How do you determine the rank of a matrix? 3. What does it mean for vectors to span a space? 4. How does the number of vectors relate to their independence? 5. What is the geometric interpretation of linear dependence? **Tip:** Linear independence means no vector in the set can be written as a linear combination of the others.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Linear Algebra
Vector Spaces
Linear Independence

Formulas

c_1 v_1 + c_2 v_2 + ... + c_n v_n = 0 (Checking if only trivial solution exists)
Row-reduction of matrices to determine rank

Theorems

Rank-Nullity Theorem
Definition of Linear Independence

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Level