Math Problem Statement

Suppose that f(x, y) has continuous second-order partial derivatives, and let C be the unit circle oriented counterclockwise. What is ∮C [(fx(x, y) - 2y) dx + (fy(x, y) + x) dy]?

Solution

The problem you're presenting involves evaluating a line integral over the unit circle CC', oriented counterclockwise. The integral is given by:

C(fx(x,y)2y)dx+(fy(x,y)+x)dy\int_C \left( f_x(x, y) - 2y \right) dx + \left( f_y(x, y) + x \right) dy

where f(x,y)f(x, y) has continuous second-order partial derivatives.

Step 1: Apply Green's Theorem

To solve this, we can use Green's Theorem, which states that:

CP(x,y)dx+Q(x,y)dy=R(QxPy)dA\int_C P(x, y) \, dx + Q(x, y) \, dy = \iint_R \left( \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} \right) \, dA

where P(x,y)=fx(x,y)2yP(x, y) = f_x(x, y) - 2y and Q(x,y)=fy(x,y)+xQ(x, y) = f_y(x, y) + x.

Step 2: Compute the Derivatives

Now, calculate the partial derivatives of PP and QQ:

Qx=x(fy(x,y)+x)=fxy(x,y)+1\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left( f_y(x, y) + x \right) = f_{xy}(x, y) + 1

Py=y(fx(x,y)2y)=fxy(x,y)2\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} \left( f_x(x, y) - 2y \right) = f_{xy}(x, y) - 2

Step 3: Simplify the Expression

Substitute these into Green's Theorem:

R((fxy(x,y)+1)(fxy(x,y)2))dA\iint_R \left( \left( f_{xy}(x, y) + 1 \right) - \left( f_{xy}(x, y) - 2 \right) \right) dA

This simplifies to:

R(1+2)dA=3R1dA\iint_R (1 + 2) \, dA = 3 \iint_R 1 \, dA

The area of the region RR is the area of the unit circle, which is π\pi.

Step 4: Final Calculation

Thus, the integral becomes:

3×π=3π3 \times \pi = 3\pi

Conclusion:

The value of the line integral is 3π3\pi. Therefore, the correct answer is:

c. 3π

Would you like more details or explanations on any specific part of this solution?

Here are some additional questions for you to explore:

  1. How does Green's Theorem relate to vector fields and circulation?
  2. What are the conditions for applying Green's Theorem?
  3. How do second-order partial derivatives play a role in this problem?
  4. What is the interpretation of the unit circle in this problem?
  5. How would the solution change if the curve was oriented clockwise?

Tip: When dealing with line integrals over closed curves, always check if Green's Theorem can simplify your work. It often reduces the problem to a double integral over the region enclosed by the curve.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Vector Calculus
Line Integrals
Green's Theorem

Formulas

Green's Theorem: ∮C P dx + Q dy = ∬R (∂Q/∂x - ∂P/∂y) dA
Area of a unit circle: π

Theorems

Green's Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Calculus III / Multivariable Calculus)