Math Problem Statement

lim (n -> ∞) [ (4 * 3^n - 3 * 4^(n-1)) / (4 * 5^(n+1) + 4 * 3^(n+2)) ]

Solution

Let's solve the limit problem step by step.

The given limit is:

limn43n34n145n+1+43n+2\lim_{{n \to \infty}} \frac{4 \cdot 3^n - 3 \cdot 4^{n-1}}{4 \cdot 5^{n+1} + 4 \cdot 3^{n+2}}

Step 1: Simplify the expression

Numerator:

= 4 \cdot 3^n - 3 \cdot \frac{4^n}{4} = 4 \cdot 3^n - \frac{3}{4} \cdot 4^n$$ #### Denominator: $$4 \cdot 5^{n+1} + 4 \cdot 3^{n+2} = 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 5^n + 4 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 3^n = 20 \cdot 5^n + 36 \cdot 3^n$$ Now the limit becomes: $$\lim_{{n \to \infty}} \frac{4 \cdot 3^n - \frac{3}{4} \cdot 4^n}{20 \cdot 5^n + 36 \cdot 3^n}$$ ### Step 2: Identify dominant terms as $$n \to \infty$$ - In the numerator, the term $$\frac{3}{4} \cdot 4^n$$ grows much faster than $$4 \cdot 3^n$$ since $$4^n$$ grows exponentially faster than $$3^n$$. - In the denominator, the term $$20 \cdot 5^n$$ grows faster than $$36 \cdot 3^n$$ since $$5^n$$ grows faster than $$3^n$$. Thus, the dominant term in the numerator is $$-\frac{3}{4} \cdot 4^n$$, and in the denominator, it is $$20 \cdot 5^n$$. ### Step 3: Simplify the limit using dominant terms Now the limit reduces to: $$\lim_{{n \to \infty}} \frac{-\frac{3}{4} \cdot 4^n}{20 \cdot 5^n}$$ We can cancel out the exponential terms: $$= \lim_{{n \to \infty}} \frac{-\frac{3}{4}}{20} \cdot \left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n$$ Since $$\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n \to 0$$ as $$n \to \infty$$, the entire expression tends to 0. ### Final Answer: $$\boxed{0}$$ Would you like a further breakdown of any steps? ### Follow-up Questions: 1. How does the growth of exponential terms affect limits as $$n \to \infty$$? 2. Why is $$\frac{4^n}{5^n} \to 0$$ as $$n \to \infty$$? 3. What role does dominance of terms play in evaluating limits? 4. Can you explain why the smaller exponential terms were discarded? 5. How would the result change if both exponentials had the same base? ### Tip: When solving limits involving exponential functions, always identify which term grows faster to simplify the problem.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Limits
Exponential Functions
Asymptotic Behavior

Formulas

lim (n -> ∞) [ (4 * 3^n - 3 * 4^(n-1)) / (4 * 5^(n+1) + 4 * 3^(n+2)) ]
Dominance of exponential growth: larger base dominates as n → ∞
Simplification: factoring terms and reducing by dominant exponentials

Theorems

Exponential Growth Comparison Theorem
Dominance of Terms in Limits

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Mathematics