Math Problem Statement

Find the Laplace transform of f(t) = {0, t < 2; t^2 - 4t + 9, t >= 2}

Solution

To find the Laplace transform of the given piecewise function:

\begin{cases} 0, & t < 2 \\ t^2 - 4t + 9, & t \geq 2 \end{cases}$$ ### Step-by-Step Approach: Since the function $$f(t)$$ is zero before $$t = 2$$, we need to shift and handle the function using the **Heaviside (unit step) function**. We can rewrite the given function in terms of the Heaviside function $$u(t - 2)$$, which activates the non-zero part of the function at $$t = 2$$: $$f(t) = \left(t^2 - 4t + 9\right) u(t - 2).$$ Now, we use the **time-shifting property of the Laplace transform**: ### Time-Shifting Property: If $$f(t) = g(t - a) u(t - a)$$, then: $$\mathcal{L}\{f(t)\} = e^{-as} \mathcal{L}\{g(t)\}.$$ In our case, $$a = 2$$ and $$g(t) = t^2 - 4t + 9$$. However, since $$t$$ shifts to $$t - 2$$ under the Heaviside function, we must first replace $$t$$ with $$(t + 2)$$ in the function $$t^2 - 4t + 9$$. ### Step 1: Replace $$t$$ with $$t + 2$$ The expression becomes: $$(t + 2)^2 - 4(t + 2) + 9.$$ Simplifying: $$t^2 + 4t + 4 - 4t - 8 + 9 = t^2 + 5.$$ Thus, $$g(t) = t^2 + 5$$. ### Step 2: Find the Laplace Transform of $$t^2 + 5$$ Using standard Laplace transform rules: $$\mathcal{L}\{t^2\} = \frac{2}{s^3}, \quad \mathcal{L}\{5\} = \frac{5}{s}.$$ Thus: $$\mathcal{L}\{t^2 + 5\} = \frac{2}{s^3} + \frac{5}{s}.$$ ### Step 3: Apply the Time-Shift Property Using the time-shift property: $$\mathcal{L}\{(t^2 - 4t + 9) u(t - 2)\} = e^{-2s} \left(\frac{2}{s^3} + \frac{5}{s}\right).$$ ### Final Answer: The Laplace transform of the given function is: $$\boxed{e^{-2s} \left(\frac{2}{s^3} + \frac{5}{s}\right)}.$$ Let me know if you want further clarification or details on any step! --- Here are 5 related questions: 1. How do you derive the Laplace transform of a polynomial function? 2. What is the role of the Heaviside function in Laplace transforms? 3. How does the time-shifting property of Laplace transforms work? 4. How can Laplace transforms be applied to solve differential equations? 5. What are common mistakes when working with piecewise functions in Laplace transforms? **Tip:** Always remember to adjust the limits and variables properly when working with the Heaviside function in Laplace transforms.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Laplace Transform
Piecewise Functions
Heaviside Step Function
Time Shifting Property

Formulas

Laplace Transform of f(t): L{f(t)} = ∫(0, ∞) f(t) e^(-st) dt
Time Shifting Property: L{f(t - a) u(t - a)} = e^(-as) L{f(t)}
Laplace Transform of Polynomial Functions: L{t^n} = n!/s^(n+1)

Theorems

Time-Shifting Property
Laplace Transform of Heaviside Step Function

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate