The Interquartile Range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which describes the spread of the middle 50% of the data. It is calculated as the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1):

$\text{IQR} = Q3 - Q1$

Where:

• Q1 (First Quartile) is the 25th percentile of the data, meaning 25% of the data lies below this value.
• Q3 (Third Quartile) is the 75th percentile of the data, meaning 75% of the data lies below this value.

The IQR helps to measure the variability in a dataset by focusing on the central