Math Problem Statement

Using the Intermediate Value Theorem and a graph, find an interval of length 0.01 or less that contains a solution to e^x = 2 - x, rounding interval endpoints off to the nearest hundredth.

Solution

The problem is asking you to find an interval using the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) for the equation ex=2xe^x = 2 - x. This requires finding an interval of length 0.01 or less that contains a solution to this equation, and rounding the interval endpoints to the nearest hundredth.

Strategy:

  1. Rewrite the equation:
    We want to solve ex=2xe^x = 2 - x. Let’s rewrite this as a function: f(x)=ex(2x)=ex+x2.f(x) = e^x - (2 - x) = e^x + x - 2. The goal is to find values of xx where f(x)=0f(x) = 0.

  2. Use the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT):
    The IVT states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval [a,b][a, b], and if f(a)f(a) and f(b)f(b) have opposite signs, then there is at least one root in the interval [a,b][a, b].

  3. Graphical insight or trial values:
    By testing values of xx, we can narrow down an interval where the function changes sign, indicating a root.

Let's test a few values of f(x)=ex+x2f(x) = e^x + x - 2:

  • f(0)=e0+02=1+02=1f(0) = e^0 + 0 - 2 = 1 + 0 - 2 = -1
  • f(1)=e1+12=2.718+12=1.718f(1) = e^1 + 1 - 2 = 2.718 + 1 - 2 = 1.718
  • f(0.5)=e0.5+0.52=1.6487+0.52=0.1487f(0.5) = e^{0.5} + 0.5 - 2 = 1.6487 + 0.5 - 2 = 0.1487

Since f(0)=1f(0) = -1 and f(0.5)=0.1487f(0.5) = 0.1487, there is a sign change between 0 and 0.5. This indicates that a root exists in the interval (0,0.5)(0, 0.5).

  1. Narrow down further:
    We now test between smaller values to get an interval with a length less than or equal to 0.01:
  • f(0.45)=e0.45+0.452=1.568+0.452=0.018f(0.45) = e^{0.45} + 0.45 - 2 = 1.568 + 0.45 - 2 = 0.018
  • f(0.44)=e0.44+0.442=1.558+0.442=0.002f(0.44) = e^{0.44} + 0.44 - 2 = 1.558 + 0.44 - 2 = -0.002

Here, f(0.44)f(0.44) is negative and f(0.45)f(0.45) is positive, so by the IVT, a root must exist between x=0.44x = 0.44 and x=0.45x = 0.45.

Conclusion:

The interval is 0.44<x<0.450.44 < x < 0.45.


Would you like more details or have any questions?
Here are five related questions to expand your understanding:

  1. How does the Intermediate Value Theorem ensure the existence of a root in an interval?
  2. Why is it important to rewrite the equation as a function when applying the IVT?
  3. What methods can you use to solve equations like ex=2xe^x = 2 - x without graphing?
  4. How could you use Newton's method to find the root more precisely?
  5. What is the significance of rounding the interval endpoints to the nearest hundredth?

Tip: When using the IVT, always check that the function is continuous over the interval before applying it.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Intermediate Value Theorem
Exponential and Linear Equations

Formulas

f(x) = e^x + x - 2

Theorems

Intermediate Value Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

College Calculus