Math Problem Statement

Consider the function f(x) = 2x^3 + 5x^2 + 8. For what values of the number k does the Intermediate Value Theorem tell us that there is a number c in the interval [0, 1] such that f(c) = k?

Solution

The question is asking to apply the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) to the given function f(x)=2x3+5x2+8f(x) = 2x^3 + 5x^2 + 8 on the interval [0,1][0,1]. The IVT states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval, and if f(a)f(b)f(a) \neq f(b), then for any kk between f(a)f(a) and f(b)f(b), there exists a number cc in the interval [a,b][a, b] such that f(c)=kf(c) = k.

Let's apply the steps:

  1. First, calculate f(0)f(0): f(0)=2(0)3+5(0)2+8=8f(0) = 2(0)^3 + 5(0)^2 + 8 = 8

  2. Next, calculate f(1)f(1): f(1)=2(1)3+5(1)2+8=2+5+8=15f(1) = 2(1)^3 + 5(1)^2 + 8 = 2 + 5 + 8 = 15

Now, the values of f(x)f(x) at the endpoints of the interval [0,1][0, 1] are:

  • f(0)=8f(0) = 8
  • f(1)=15f(1) = 15

By the IVT, any value kk that lies between f(0)=8f(0) = 8 and f(1)=15f(1) = 15 will have a corresponding cc in the interval [0,1][0, 1] such that f(c)=kf(c) = k.

Thus, the values of kk that satisfy the Intermediate Value Theorem are: 8k158 \leq k \leq 15

This is the range for kk.

Would you like further details on how the Intermediate Value Theorem works or on any part of this solution?

Here are five related questions to deepen your understanding:

  1. What happens if kk is outside the interval [8,15][8, 15]?
  2. Can we apply the IVT to a discontinuous function?
  3. What does the IVT guarantee about the number of solutions for f(c)=kf(c) = k?
  4. How can the IVT be used to approximate solutions to equations?
  5. How can you verify that a function is continuous on a given interval?

Tip: The Intermediate Value Theorem only guarantees the existence of a solution, not how many or exactly where it is located.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Intermediate Value Theorem
Polynomials

Formulas

f(x) = 2x^3 + 5x^2 + 8

Theorems

Intermediate Value Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12