Math Problem Statement

Find the indefinite integral \( \int \frac{x + 5}{\sqrt{x}} \, dx \) and check the result by differentiation.

Solution

The integral in the image is:

x+5xdx\int \frac{x + 5}{\sqrt{x}} \, dx

To solve this, let's first break it into two simpler integrals by rewriting the expression as follows:

xxdx+5xdx\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{x}} \, dx + \int \frac{5}{\sqrt{x}} \, dx

We know that xx=x=x1/2\frac{x}{\sqrt{x}} = \sqrt{x} = x^{1/2}, and 5x=5x1/2\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}} = 5x^{-1/2}. So the integral becomes:

x1/2dx+5x1/2dx\int x^{1/2} \, dx + 5 \int x^{-1/2} \, dx

Now, solve each part separately:

  1. For x1/2dx\int x^{1/2} \, dx, we use the power rule for integration: xndx=xn+1n+1+C\int x^n \, dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C Applying this rule for n=1/2n = 1/2: x1/2dx=x3/23/2=23x3/2\int x^{1/2} \, dx = \frac{x^{3/2}}{3/2} = \frac{2}{3} x^{3/2}

  2. For 5x1/2dx5 \int x^{-1/2} \, dx, apply the power rule again with n=1/2n = -1/2: x1/2dx=x1/21/2=2x1/2\int x^{-1/2} \, dx = \frac{x^{1/2}}{1/2} = 2x^{1/2} So: 5x1/2dx=52x1/2=10x1/25 \int x^{-1/2} \, dx = 5 \cdot 2x^{1/2} = 10x^{1/2}

Putting everything together, we have the result:

x+5xdx=23x3/2+10x1/2+C\int \frac{x + 5}{\sqrt{x}} \, dx = \frac{2}{3} x^{3/2} + 10x^{1/2} + C

Differentiation Check:

To verify, we differentiate the result: f(x)=23x3/2+10x1/2f(x) = \frac{2}{3} x^{3/2} + 10x^{1/2} Using the power rule for differentiation: f(x)=2332x1/2+1012x1/2=x1/2+5x1/2=x+5xf'(x) = \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{3}{2} x^{1/2} + 10 \cdot \frac{1}{2} x^{-1/2} = x^{1/2} + 5x^{-1/2} = \frac{x + 5}{\sqrt{x}}

Since the derivative matches the original integrand, the solution is correct.

Do you want more details or have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions:

  1. How would you solve the integral if it involved a different fractional exponent?
  2. What if there was a constant outside the entire integral?
  3. Can the power rule be applied to all integrals with xnx^n?
  4. What would happen if the integrand included terms like x3/2x^{3/2}?
  5. How does the constant of integration affect the result of indefinite integrals?

Tip: Always verify your integrals by differentiating the result to ensure correctness.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Integral Calculus
Power Rule
Basic Differentiation

Formulas

Power Rule for Integration: \( \int x^n \, dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C \)
Power Rule for Differentiation: \( \frac{d}{dx} x^n = n x^{n-1} \)

Theorems

Power Rule
Basic Rules of Differentiation

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Calculus I)