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The question is asking which of the given functions represents an *exponential* function. In mathematics, an exponential function has the form \( f(x) = a \cdot b^x \), where \( b \) is a positive constant other than 1, and \( x \) is the variable in the exponent.

Let’s examine each option:

1. **Option A**: \( f(x) = 3^x + 1 \)  
   This is an exponential function because the variable \( x \) is in the exponent, and the base is 3, which is a constant.

2. **Option B**: \( f(x) = 3^x - 1 \)  
   This is also an exponential function for the same reason as option A.

3. **Option C**: \( f(x) = \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^x + 1 \)  
   This is an exponential function as well, since the variable \( x \) is in the exponent, with base \( \frac{1}{3} \).

4. **Option D**: \( f(x) = x^3 + 1 \)  
   This is **not** an exponential function. Here, \( x \) is the base, not the exponent, so this is a polynomial function.

### Answer:
The correct answer is **any of options A, B, or C**, as each of them represents an exponential function. However, since the question does not specify multiple answers, the best answer would typically be **option A** if only one choice is allowed.

Would you like more details or have any questions?

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**Related Questions:**

1. How do you differentiate between exponential and polynomial functions?
2. Why are exponential functions important in real-world applications?
3. How does the growth rate of an exponential function compare to a polynomial function?
4. What happens to an exponential function as the base changes (e.g., base greater than 1 vs. between 0 and 1)?
5. Can exponential functions have negative bases?

**Tip:** Exponential functions grow much faster than polynomial functions when the base is greater than 1.It seems there was an issue with extracting text from the image using OCR due to a missing language file. However, I can analyze the content of the image based on your description.

The question seems to involve identifying which function matches the representation in a specific base. The options provided are:

1. \( f(x) = 3^x + 1 \) (A)
2. \( f(x) = 3^x - 1 \) (B)
3. \( f(x) = \left( \frac{1}{3} \right)^x + 1 \) (C)
4. \( f(x) = x^3 + 1 \) (D)

To determine which function can be expressed as an exponential function, let's analyze each option:

### Analysis of the Functions

- **Option A: \( f(x) = 3^x + 1 \)**
  - This function is exponential because \( 3^x \) is an exponential function.

- **Option B: \( f(x) = 3^x - 1 \)**
  - This is also exponential, similar to option A.

- **Option C: \( f(x) = \left( \frac{1}{3} \right)^x + 1 \)**
  - This can be rewritten as \( f(x) = 3^{-x} + 1 \), which is also exponential.

- **Option D: \( f(x) = x^3 + 1 \)**
  - This is a polynomial function, not exponential.

### Conclusion
The functions in options A, B, and C are all exponential functions. However, since the question seems to seek a single representative function, we can choose **Option A: \( f(x) = 3^x + 1 \)** as a clear example of an exponential function.

Would you like further explanations or have any questions regarding this problem? Here are some related questions to consider:

1. What are the characteristics of exponential functions?
2. How do you differentiate between polynomial and exponential functions?
3. What are common applications of exponential functions in real life?
4. Can you explain how to graph these types of functions?
5. What transformations can be applied to exponential functions? 

**Tip:** When identifying function types, always consider the form of the function and its growth behavior.

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Learn how to identify an exponential function among various options, focusing on the characteristic form f(x) = a * b^x. This question is ideal for students in Grades 10-12 and helps reinforce understanding of exponential versus polynomial functions.

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