Math Problem Statement

Problem 1.[10pts] The term ”matrix” is always assumed to have all entries being real numbers. Determine whether the binary operation ∗ gives a group structure on the given set (just answer ”yes” or ”no”, no reasons needed,) (1) All 3 × 3 matrices under matrix addition.

(2) All 3 × 3 diagonal matrices under matrix multiplication. (3) All 3 × 3 diagonal matrices with all diagonals non-zero under matrix multiplication. (4) All 3 × 3 diagonal matrices with negative diagonals entries under matrix multiplication. (5) All 5 × 5 upper triangular matrices under matrix addition. (6) All 5 × 5 upper triangular matrices with positive diagonal entries under matrix multiplication. (7) All 5 × 5 upper triangular matrices with determinant 1 under matrix multiplication. (8) All negative real numbers under addition. (9) The set {π^n | n ∈ Z} under multiplication. (10) The set {7^n | n ∈ Z} under addition.

Solution

Here are the answers for each part:

  1. No (All 3×3 matrices under matrix addition)
  2. No (All 3×3 diagonal matrices under matrix multiplication)
  3. Yes (All 3×3 diagonal matrices with all diagonals non-zero under matrix multiplication)
  4. Yes (All 3×3 diagonal matrices with negative diagonal entries under matrix multiplication)
  5. Yes (All 5×5 upper triangular matrices under matrix addition)
  6. No (All 5×5 upper triangular matrices with positive diagonal entries under matrix multiplication)
  7. Yes (All 5×5 upper triangular matrices with determinant 1 under matrix multiplication)
  8. No (All negative real numbers under addition)
  9. Yes (The set {π^n | n ∈ Z} under multiplication)
  10. No (The set {7^n | n ∈ Z} under addition)

Do you want further details or have any questions?


Related Questions:

  1. What are the group axioms needed to confirm a group structure?
  2. Why does matrix addition on 3x3 matrices fail to form a group?
  3. How does determinant influence the group structure in matrix multiplication?
  4. What properties make diagonal matrices with non-zero diagonals a group under multiplication?
  5. How does the closure property apply to upper triangular matrices under matrix addition?

Tip: In matrix operations, always check for identity and inverse elements to determine if a set forms a group under a binary operation.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Matrix addition
Matrix multiplication
Group theory
Binary operations

Formulas

Matrix addition: A + B = C
Matrix multiplication: AB = C
Determinant of a matrix: det(A)

Theorems

Group axioms: Closure, Associativity, Identity element, Inverse element

Suitable Grade Level

College Level (Linear Algebra, Abstract Algebra)