The image contains a problem requiring the calculation of the shortest distance between two points on Earth’s surface using latitude and longitude data. We will use the haversine formula provided:

$d = \frac{2\pi r}{360} \cdot \cos^{-1} \left( \cos \alpha_1 \cos \beta_1 \cos \alpha_2 \cos \beta_2 + \cos \alpha_1 \sin \beta_1 \cos \alpha_2 \sin \beta_2 + \sin \alpha_1 \sin \alpha_2 \right)$

Where:

• $\alpha$ are the latitudes and $\beta$ are the longitudes.
• $r$ is the Earth's radius, approximated as 3960 miles.
• Latitudes and longitudes are converted to radians for calculation.

Given Data:

• City A: $\alpha_1 = 41.35^\circ$ (North), $\beta_1 = -89.6167^\circ$ (West)
• City B: $\alpha_2 = 22.3^\circ$ (North), $\beta_2 = -149.75^\circ$ (West)

Let's calculate the distance using these values.The shortest distance between City A and City B is approximately 64 miles.

Would you like any further details on this calculation or have any other questions?

1. How does changing the Earth's radius in the calculation affect the distance?
2. What happens if the latitude and longitude for either city are changed slightly?
3. Can this formula be used for any two points on the Earth's surface?
4. How does this distance compare to the actual distance if calculated through a different method, like a map tool?
5. Are there any corrections needed when using this formula for very long distances?

Tip: When using trigonometric functions in calculations, always ensure your angle measurements are converted from degrees to radians, as trigonometric functions in most programming languages use radians by default.