Math Problem Statement

In Figure (1), ABCD is a thin square metal sheet of side three metres. The metal sheet is folded along BD, and the edges AD and CD of the folded metal sheet are placed on a horizontal plane II with B two metres vertically above the plane II. E is the foot of the perpendicular from B to the plane II. (See Figure (2)). (a) Find the lengths of BD, ED and AE, leaving your answers in surd form. (b) Find ∠LADE. (c) Find the angle between BD and the plane II. (d) Find the angle between the planes ABD and CBD.

Solution

Let's break down the problem step by step and address the different parts.

(a) Finding the lengths of BDBD, EDED, and AEAE

  • BDBD: Since ABCDABCD is a square with side length 3 m, the diagonal BDBD can be found using the Pythagorean theorem in ABD\triangle ABD: BD=AB2+AD2=32+32=18=32m.BD = \sqrt{AB^2 + AD^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 3^2} = \sqrt{18} = 3\sqrt{2} \, \text{m}.

  • EDED: EDED is a vertical distance, where EE is directly below BB on the plane II, and BB is 2 meters above plane II. Since BD=32BD = 3\sqrt{2} and BE=2BE = 2 (the height of the folded sheet), we can use the Pythagorean theorem in BED\triangle BED: ED=BD2BE2=(32)222=184=14m.ED = \sqrt{BD^2 - BE^2} = \sqrt{(3\sqrt{2})^2 - 2^2} = \sqrt{18 - 4} = \sqrt{14} \, \text{m}.

  • AEAE: AEAE is the distance from point AA to point EE, and since AA is at ground level and EE is directly below BB, we can treat this as a 2D problem. In triangle AEBAEB, using Pythagoras: AE=AB2BE2=3222=94=5m.AE = \sqrt{AB^2 - BE^2} = \sqrt{3^2 - 2^2} = \sqrt{9 - 4} = \sqrt{5} \, \text{m}.

(b) Finding LADE\angle LADE

We need to find the angle LADE\angle LADE, where LL is the fold line and AA, DD, and EE form a triangle in plane II. This is a geometrical problem where ADE\triangle ADE has known side lengths, so we can use trigonometry.

First, use the dot product or cosine rule for the angle: cosθ=AD2+AE2ED22×AD×AE.\cos \theta = \frac{AD^2 + AE^2 - ED^2}{2 \times AD \times AE}. Substitute the values: cosθ=32+521422×3×5=9+51465=065=0.\cos \theta = \frac{3^2 + \sqrt{5}^2 - \sqrt{14}^2}{2 \times 3 \times \sqrt{5}} = \frac{9 + 5 - 14}{6\sqrt{5}} = \frac{0}{6\sqrt{5}} = 0. Thus, θ=90\theta = 90^\circ, meaning LADE=90\angle LADE = 90^\circ.

(c) The angle between BDBD and the plane II

The angle between the line BDBD and the plane II can be found using the sine of the angle. We know that the height BE=2BE = 2, and the length of BD=32BD = 3\sqrt{2}: [ \sin \theta = \frac{BE

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Geometry
Trigonometry
Pythagorean Theorem

Formulas

Pythagorean theorem: a^2 + b^2 = c^2
Cosine rule: cos(θ) = (a^2 + b^2 - c^2) / 2ab
Trigonometric ratios: sin(θ), cos(θ), tan(θ)

Theorems

Pythagorean Theorem
Cosine Rule

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12