Math Problem Statement

The diagram shows the all of the forces acting on a body of mass 2.13 kg. The three forces have magnitudes F1 = 63 N, F2 = 22.1 N, and F3 = 77.8 N, with directions as indicted in the diagram, where θ = 46.1 degrees and φ = 32.4 degrees. The dashed lines are parallel to the x and y axes. At t = 0, the body is moving at a speed of 8.33 m/s in the positive x direction. Part (a) What is the x component of the acceleration in m/s2? Part (b) What is the y component of the acceleration in m/s2? Part (c)
What is the speed of the body, in m/s, at t = 8.3 s? Part (d)
What is the magnitude of the displacement of the body, in meters, between t = 0 and 8.3 s?

Solution

Let's solve this step by step for each part.

We are given:

  • Mass of the body: m=2.13kgm = 2.13 \, \text{kg}
  • Forces: F1=63N,F2=22.1N,F3=77.8NF_1 = 63 \, \text{N}, F_2 = 22.1 \, \text{N}, F_3 = 77.8 \, \text{N}
  • Angles: θ=46.1\theta = 46.1^\circ and ϕ=32.4\phi = 32.4^\circ
  • Initial speed: v0=8.33m/sv_0 = 8.33 \, \text{m/s} (in the positive x direction)

We will start by calculating the components of the forces along the x and y directions.

Step 1: Resolving forces into components

  1. F1F_1 is along the positive x-axis, so its components are: F1x=F1=63N,F1y=0F_{1x} = F_1 = 63 \, \text{N}, \quad F_{1y} = 0

  2. F2F_2 is at an angle θ=46.1\theta = 46.1^\circ above the negative x-axis: F2x=F2cos(θ)=22.1cos(46.1)F_{2x} = -F_2 \cos(\theta) = -22.1 \cos(46.1^\circ) F2y=F2sin(θ)=22.1sin(46.1)F_{2y} = F_2 \sin(\theta) = 22.1 \sin(46.1^\circ)

  3. F3F_3 is at an angle ϕ=32.4\phi = 32.4^\circ below the positive x-axis: F3x=F3cos(ϕ)=77.8cos(32.4)F_{3x} = F_3 \cos(\phi) = 77.8 \cos(32.4^\circ) F3y=F3sin(ϕ)=77.8sin(32.4)F_{3y} = -F_3 \sin(\phi) = -77.8 \sin(32.4^\circ)

Step 2: Net force in the x and y directions

  1. Net force in the x direction: Fnet,x=F1x+F2x+F3xF_{\text{net},x} = F_{1x} + F_{2x} + F_{3x}

  2. Net force in the y direction: Fnet,y=F1y+F2y+F3yF_{\text{net},y} = F_{1y} + F_{2y} + F_{3y}

Step 3: Acceleration components

Using Newton's second law, F=maF = ma, we can find the acceleration components.

  1. x component of the acceleration: ax=Fnet,xma_x = \frac{F_{\text{net},x}}{m}

  2. y component of the acceleration: ay=Fnet,yma_y = \frac{F_{\text{net},y}}{m}

Step 4: Speed at t=8.3st = 8.3 \, \text{s}

The total velocity components after time t=8.3st = 8.3 \, \text{s} can be found using:

  1. vx(t)=v0x+axtv_x(t) = v_{0x} + a_x \cdot t, where v0x=8.33m/sv_{0x} = 8.33 \, \text{m/s}
  2. vy(t)=v0y+aytv_y(t) = v_{0y} + a_y \cdot t, where v0y=0m/sv_{0y} = 0 \, \text{m/s}

The speed at t=8.3st = 8.3 \, \text{s} is: v(t)=vx(t)2+vy(t)2v(t) = \sqrt{v_x(t)^2 + v_y(t)^2}

Step 5: Displacement magnitude

The displacement components are found using:

  1. x(t)=v0xt+12axt2x(t) = v_{0x} t + \frac{1}{2} a_x t^2
  2. y(t)=v0yt+12ayt2y(t) = v_{0y} t + \frac{1}{2} a_y t^2

The magnitude of the displacement is: d=x(t)2+y(t)2d = \sqrt{x(t)^2 + y(t)^2}


Let's now compute each part with the numerical values!

Part (a): xx-component of acceleration

We calculate the components of the forces and solve for axa_x.

  1. F2x=22.1cos(46.1)F_{2x} = -22.1 \cos(46.1^\circ)
  2. F3x=77.8cos(32.4)F_{3x} = 77.8 \cos(32.4^\circ)

Then, sum the x components: Fnet,x=63+F2x+F3xF_{\text{net},x} = 63 + F_{2x} + F_{3x} Finally, calculate: ax=Fnet,x2.13a_x = \frac{F_{\text{net},x}}{2.13}

Part (b): yy-component of acceleration

Similar process for the y-components:

  1. F2y=22.1sin(46.1)F_{2y} = 22.1 \sin(46.1^\circ)
  2. F3y=77.8sin(32.4)F_{3y} = -77.8 \sin(32.4^\circ)

Then, sum the y components: Fnet,y=F2y+F3yF_{\text{net},y} = F_{2y} + F_{3y} And: ay=Fnet,y2.13a_y = \frac{F_{\text{net},y}}{2.13}


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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Newton's Laws of Motion
Vector Decomposition
Kinematics

Formulas

F = ma
v_x(t) = v_{0x} + a_x * t
v_y(t) = a_y * t
v(t) = sqrt(v_x^2 + v_y^2)
x(t) = v_{0x} * t + (1/2) * a_x * t^2
y(t) = (1/2) * a_y * t^2
d = sqrt(x^2 + y^2)

Theorems

Newton's Second Law
Pythagorean Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12