Math Problem Statement

In the diagram below, $\angle PQR = \angle PRQ = \angle STR = \angle TSR$, $RQ = 8$, and $SQ = 3$. Find $PQ$.

[asy] unitsize(5 cm);

pair A,B,C,D,E; A = (0, 0.9); B = (-0.4, 0); C = (0.4, 0); D = (-0.275, 0.16); E = (0.11, 0.65); draw(A--B); draw(A--C); draw(B--C); draw(B--E); draw(C--D); label("$P$",A,N); label("$Q$", B, S); label("$R$", C, S); label("$S$", D, S); label("$T$", E, W); [/asy]

Solution

Since PQR=PRQ\angle PQR = \angle PRQ and STR=TSR\angle STR = \angle TSR, we observe that both PQR\triangle PQR and STR\triangle STR are isosceles.

Step 1: Analyzing PQR\triangle PQR

Given that PQR\triangle PQR is isosceles with PQR=PRQ\angle PQR = \angle PRQ, we have PQ=PRPQ = PR. Therefore, if we find PQPQ, we also know PRPR.

Step 2: Analyzing STR\triangle STR

Since STR=TSR\angle STR = \angle TSR, STR\triangle STR is also isosceles with ST=SRST = SR. Given that RQ=8RQ = 8 and SQ=3SQ = 3, we can deduce that SR=RQSQ=83=5SR = RQ - SQ = 8 - 3 = 5. Thus, SR=5SR = 5 and ST=5ST = 5.

Step 3: Identifying Similarity between PQR\triangle PQR and STR\triangle STR

Since PQR=STR\angle PQR = \angle STR and PRQ=TSR\angle PRQ = \angle TSR, we can conclude that PQRSTR\triangle PQR \sim \triangle STR by the AA (Angle-Angle) similarity criterion.

Step 4: Setting Up the Proportion

Because PQRSTR\triangle PQR \sim \triangle STR, the corresponding sides are proportional: PQST=QRTR\frac{PQ}{ST} = \frac{QR}{TR} Substituting the known values: PQ5=85\frac{PQ}{5} = \frac{8}{5}

Step 5: Solving for PQPQ

From the proportion, we find: PQ=85×5=8PQ = \frac{8}{5} \times 5 = 8

Conclusion

Thus, the length of PQPQ is: 8\boxed{8}

Would you like further explanation on any part? Here are some questions for further exploration:

  1. How do we determine similarity between triangles?
  2. What properties do isosceles triangles have?
  3. How do we set up proportions in similar triangles?
  4. How does angle equality help identify similar triangles?
  5. Why is it important to identify isosceles triangles in this problem?

Tip: In geometry problems involving isosceles triangles, look for symmetry and congruent angles, as they often reveal proportional relationships.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Geometry
Isosceles Triangles
Triangle Similarity
Proportions

Formulas

\(\frac{PQ}{ST} = \frac{QR}{TR}\)

Theorems

Angle-Angle (AA) Similarity Criterion

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 9-11