Math Problem Statement

Given the following Venn diagram, find n[ A ∪ ( B ∩ C )c ].

Exam Image 77

78

73

74

79

None of the above.

Given the following Venn diagram, find n[ A ∪ ( B ∩ C )c ].

Solution

To solve for n[A(BC)c]n[A \cup (B \cap C)^c], we will need to analyze the Venn diagram provided.

Definitions:

  1. A(BC)cA \cup (B \cap C)^c is the union of set AA and the complement of the intersection of sets BB and CC.
  2. The complement of BCB \cap C, written as (BC)c(B \cap C)^c, includes all elements that are not in both BB and CC.

Step-by-step breakdown:

  1. Find BCB \cap C:

    • The elements in both BB and CC are: 1111 and 33.
    • So, BC={11,3}B \cap C = \{11, 3\}.
  2. Find (BC)c(B \cap C)^c:

    • The complement (BC)c(B \cap C)^c will be all elements that are not in both BB and CC. This includes:
      • 77 (only in AA),
      • 2121 (only in CC),
      • 1313 (only in CC),
      • 33 (only in AA),
      • 1111 (already counted).
      • The element 1919 from the universal set UU, which is outside all sets AA, BB, and CC, is also included in (BC)c(B \cap C)^c.
  3. Now find A(BC)cA \cup (B \cap C)^c:

    • The union of AA and (BC)c(B \cap C)^c means taking all the elements in either set AA or (BC)c(B \cap C)^c. From the diagram:
      • A={7,3,11}A = \{7, 3, 11\}.
      • (BC)c={7,21,13,19}(B \cap C)^c = \{7, 21, 13, 19\} (as found earlier).
    • The union of these sets is: A(BC)c={7,3,11,21,13,19}A \cup (B \cap C)^c = \{7, 3, 11, 21, 13, 19\}
  4. Count the elements in A(BC)cA \cup (B \cap C)^c:

    • The set A(BC)cA \cup (B \cap C)^c contains: {7,3,11,21,13,19}\{7, 3, 11, 21, 13, 19\}, which are 6 distinct elements.

Thus, n[A(BC)c]=6n[A \cup (B \cap C)^c] = 6, which corresponds to None of the above from the given choices.

Would you like more details or further clarifications?

Here are 5 relative questions for deeper understanding:

  1. What is the role of the universal set UU in this problem?
  2. How do we define set complements in the context of Venn diagrams?
  3. How would the result change if the universal set contained different elements?
  4. Can you explain the difference between union and intersection in set theory?
  5. How can we apply this concept to real-life situations like survey data?

Tip: Always break down set operations like complements and unions step by step to avoid confusion, especially when dealing with intersections and their complements.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Set Theory
Union of Sets
Intersection of Sets
Complement of Sets

Formulas

A ∪ B: Union of sets A and B includes all elements in either set.
B ∩ C: Intersection of sets B and C includes only elements in both.
(B ∩ C)^c: Complement of the intersection of B and C includes all elements not in both sets.

Theorems

De Morgan's Law: The complement of the intersection of two sets is equal to the union of their complements.
Basic Set Operations

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 9-12