Math Problem Statement

Three circles are arranged as shown in the figure. Find the length of PQ given that the radii of the circles are 2.1 cm, 1.2 cm, and 1.4 cm, and the angle between the connecting line segments at P and Q is 106°.

Solution

To find the length of PQPQ, we can use the information given:

  1. We know the radii of the circles:

    • Radius of the circle containing point QQ: r=2.1r = 2.1 cm.
    • Radius of the circle containing point PP: r=1.2r = 1.2 cm.
    • Radius of the small circle near PP: r=1.4r = 1.4 cm.
  2. The angle between the line segments connecting the centers of the circles to points PP and QQ is 106106^\circ.

The approach is as follows:

  1. Identify the Distance Between Centers of Circles:

    • Let’s denote:
      • The center of the circle with r=2.1r = 2.1 cm as OQO_Q.
      • The center of the circle with r=1.2r = 1.2 cm as OPO_P.
    • The distance OQOPO_QO_P is the sum of the radii of the two larger circles: OQOP=2.1+1.2=3.3 cmO_QO_P = 2.1 + 1.2 = 3.3 \text{ cm}
  2. Apply the Cosine Rule to Find PQPQ:

    • Using the cosine rule in triangle OQPQOPO_QPQO_P: [ PQ^2 = O_QO_P^2 + O_QP^2 - 2 \cdot O_QO_P \cdot

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Geometry
Cosine Rule
Circle Geometry
Trigonometry

Formulas

Cosine Rule: c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab * cos(C)

Theorems

Cosine Rule

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12