Math Problem Statement

Find the exact value of each expression, if it is defined. a) sin^−1 1 b) cos^−1 ( cos 7π/ 6 ) c) sin^−1 √2/ 2 d) cos^−1 − √2/ 2 e) cos^−1 0 f) sin^−1 ( sin 7π/6)

Solution

Let's find the exact values for each of the given expressions. These involve inverse trigonometric functions, so we need to determine angles based on known values of sine and cosine.

a) sin11\sin^{-1} 1

We are looking for the angle θ\theta such that sinθ=1\sin \theta = 1. The sine of π2\frac{\pi}{2} (90 degrees) is 1, and since the inverse sine function only takes values from [π2,π2]\left[-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right], the answer is:

sin1(1)=π2\sin^{-1}(1) = \frac{\pi}{2}

b) cos1(cos7π6)\cos^{-1} \left( \cos \frac{7\pi}{6} \right)

The cosine of 7π6\frac{7\pi}{6} is negative, as the angle is in the third quadrant. Specifically, cos(7π6)=32\cos \left( \frac{7\pi}{6} \right) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}. The inverse cosine will return the principal angle between 00 and π\pi. The reference angle for 7π6\frac{7\pi}{6} is π6\frac{\pi}{6}, so:

cos1(cos7π6)=7π6\cos^{-1} \left( \cos \frac{7\pi}{6} \right) = \frac{7\pi}{6}

c) sin122\sin^{-1} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

We need to find the angle θ\theta such that sinθ=22\sin \theta = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}. This corresponds to an angle of π4\frac{\pi}{4} (or 45 degrees), and since sin1\sin^{-1} returns values in [π2,π2]\left[-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right], we get:

sin122=π4\sin^{-1} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{\pi}{4}

d) cos1(22)\cos^{-1} \left( -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \right)

We need to find the angle θ\theta such that cosθ=22\cos \theta = -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}. This corresponds to an angle of 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4} (135 degrees), because cos\cos is negative in the second quadrant. Thus:

cos1(22)=3π4\cos^{-1} \left( -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \right) = \frac{3\pi}{4}

e) cos10\cos^{-1} 0

We are looking for the angle θ\theta such that cosθ=0\cos \theta = 0. This occurs at π2\frac{\pi}{2} (90 degrees), so:

cos1(0)=π2\cos^{-1}(0) = \frac{\pi}{2}

f) sin1(sin7π6)\sin^{-1} \left( \sin \frac{7\pi}{6} \right)

We know that sin(7π6)=12\sin \left( \frac{7\pi}{6} \right) = -\frac{1}{2}. The inverse sine function will return the angle within [π2,π2]\left[-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] that gives 12-\frac{1}{2}. The corresponding angle is π6-\frac{\pi}{6}, so:

sin1(sin7π6)=π6\sin^{-1} \left( \sin \frac{7\pi}{6} \right) = -\frac{\pi}{6}

Final Answers:

a) π2\frac{\pi}{2}
b) 7π6\frac{7\pi}{6}
c) π4\frac{\pi}{4}
d) 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4}
e) π2\frac{\pi}{2}
f) π6-\frac{\pi}{6}

Would you like further details on any of these calculations?


Here are 5 related questions you might want to explore:

  1. What is sin1(1)\sin^{-1}(-1)?
  2. How do you find cos1(1)\cos^{-1}(-1)?
  3. Can you explain why the domain of sin1(x)\sin^{-1}(x) is restricted to [1,1][-1, 1]?
  4. What is the range of cos1(x)\cos^{-1}(x)?
  5. How do inverse trigonometric functions differ from regular trigonometric functions?

Tip: The range of inverse sine (arcsin) is always between π2-\frac{\pi}{2} and π2\frac{\pi}{2}, so keep that in mind when calculating values!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Trigonometry
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Formulas

sin^−1(x): inverse sine function, returns angle θ where sin(θ) = x
cos^−1(x): inverse cosine function, returns angle θ where cos(θ) = x

Theorems

The sine and cosine functions are periodic, with their principal values restricted in inverse functions.
Inverse sine and cosine have specific domains and ranges: sin^−1(x) in [-π/2, π/2], cos^−1(x) in [0, π].

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12