Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the summation \( \sum_{n=1}^{3} \left( \frac{1}{2} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{n-1} \).

Solution

The expression in the image is a summation:

n=13(12)(12)n1\sum_{n=1}^{3} \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}

To evaluate this, let’s break down the terms:

  1. The summation runs from n=1n = 1 to n=3n = 3.
  2. The general term is (12)(12)n1\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}.
  3. We can simplify each term inside the summation as: (12)(12)n1=12n\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1} = \frac{1}{2^n}

Thus, the summation becomes:

n=1312n\sum_{n=1}^{3} \frac{1}{2^n}

Now, we can calculate each term individually:

  • For n=1n = 1: 121=12\frac{1}{2^1} = \frac{1}{2}
  • For n=2n = 2: 122=14\frac{1}{2^2} = \frac{1}{4}
  • For n=3n = 3: 123=18\frac{1}{2^3} = \frac{1}{8}

Now, add these values together:

12+14+18=48+28+18=78\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{8} = \frac{4}{8} + \frac{2}{8} + \frac{1}{8} = \frac{7}{8}

Therefore, the result of the summation is:

78\frac{7}{8}

Would you like further details or have any questions?

Here are some additional questions for further exploration:

  1. What happens if we extend this summation to infinity?
  2. How would the result change if the initial term were different, say 13\frac{1}{3}?
  3. How can this summation be represented as a geometric series?
  4. What is the formula for the sum of a finite geometric series?
  5. How would the sum change if the base in each term were different, such as 13\frac{1}{3} instead of 12\frac{1}{2}?

Tip: When working with summations involving powers, look for patterns like geometric progressions to simplify the calculation.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Summation
Geometric Series
Exponents

Formulas

Finite Geometric Series Sum: \( S_n = a \cdot \frac{1 - r^n}{1 - r} \) for \( |r| < 1 \)
\( \left( \frac{1}{2} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{n-1} = \frac{1}{2^n} \)

Theorems

Geometric Series Sum Formula

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 9-12