Math Problem Statement

El anillo de 2 lb C ajusta flojo en la flecha lisa. Si el resorte no está alargado cuando s = 0 y al anillo se le imprime una velocidad de 15 pies/s, determine la velocidad del anillo cuando s = 1 pie.

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to apply principles from energy conservation, specifically the conservation of mechanical energy, as the forces involved are conservative (spring force) and there are no non-conservative forces (like friction) acting along the horizontal surface.

Here's the approach to solve the problem step-by-step:

  1. Data and Setup:

    • Mass of the ring CC: 2 lb (We’ll convert this to slugs for calculations as 1 lb = 1 slug-ft/s²)
    • Spring constant k=4lb/ftk = 4 \, \text{lb/ft}
    • Initial velocity v0=15ft/sv_0 = 15 \, \text{ft/s}
    • Initial position s=0s = 0
    • Final position s=1s = 1 ft
  2. Convert Weight to Mass:

    • Since weight W=mgW = mg, where g=32.2ft/s2g = 32.2 \, \text{ft/s}^2,
    • Mass m=232.2=0.0621slugsm = \frac{2}{32.2} = 0.0621 \, \text{slugs}.
  3. Energy Conservation Equation: Since there is no external work done on the system and the spring is initially uncompressed, we can use the conservation of mechanical energy:

    T1+V1=T2+V2T_1 + V_1 = T_2 + V_2

    where:

    • T1T_1 and T2T_2 are the initial and final kinetic energies.
    • V1V_1 and V2V_2 are the initial and final potential energies of the spring.
  4. Initial Energy (When s=0s = 0):

    • The spring is uncompressed initially, so V1=0V_1 = 0.
    • The initial kinetic energy T1=12mv02=12×0.0621×(15)2T_1 = \frac{1}{2} m v_0^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.0621 \times (15)^2.
  5. Final Energy (When s=1s = 1):

    • The final potential energy V2=12ks2=12×4×(1)2V_2 = \frac{1}{2} k s^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 4 \times (1)^2.
    • The final kinetic energy T2=12mv2T_2 = \frac{1}{2} m v^2, where vv is the final velocity we need to find.
  6. Set Up and Solve the Equation: T1+V1=T2+V2T_1 + V_1 = T_2 + V_2 12mv02=12mv2+12ks2\frac{1}{2} m v_0^2 = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 + \frac{1}{2} k s^2

  7. Substitute Values and Solve for vv:

    12×0.0621×(15)2=12×0.0621×v2+12×4×(1)2\frac{1}{2} \times 0.0621 \times (15)^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.0621 \times v^2 + \frac{1}{2} \times 4 \times (1)^2

Simplifying and solving for vv will give us the final velocity of the ring when s=1s = 1 ft.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy of a Spring

Formulas

Kinetic Energy: T = (1/2)mv^2
Potential Energy of Spring: V = (1/2)ks^2
Energy Conservation Equation: T1 + V1 = T2 + V2

Theorems

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Physics or Engineering