Math Problem Statement

In the figure, if the box is stationary and the angle θ between the horizontal and force F is increased somewhat, do the following quantities increase, decrease, or remain the same?

Solution

The questions in the images involve understanding how changing the angle θ\theta of the applied force F\vec{F} affects various quantities when a box is stationary or moving.

Let’s break down each quantity:

  1. Horizontal component of force FxF_x:
    The horizontal component of F\vec{F} is Fx=Fcos(θ)F_x = F \cos(\theta). If the angle θ\theta increases, the cosine of the angle decreases, meaning that FxF_x will decrease.

  2. Frictional force fsf_s (static friction):
    Static friction prevents the box from moving and is proportional to the normal force fs=μsFNf_s = \mu_s F_N, where μs\mu_s is the coefficient of static friction. If θ\theta increases, FNF_N (the normal force) decreases, and so does the static friction fsf_s. Therefore, fsf_s will decrease.

  3. Normal force FNF_N:
    The normal force FNF_N is the force perpendicular to the surface, given by FN=mgFsin(θ)F_N = mg - F \sin(\theta). As θ\theta increases, sin(θ)\sin(\theta) increases, leading to a reduction in FNF_N. Therefore, FNF_N will decrease.

  4. Maximum static friction fs,maxf_{s,\text{max}}:
    The maximum static friction is fs,max=μsFNf_{s,\text{max}} = \mu_s F_N. Since FNF_N decreases when θ\theta increases, the maximum static friction also decreases. So, fs,maxf_{s,\text{max}} will decrease.

  5. Kinetic friction (if the box is sliding):
    Kinetic friction depends on the normal force as well. Since increasing θ\theta decreases the normal force, the kinetic friction will also decrease.

Would you like further clarifications on any of these concepts?

Related Questions:

  1. What would happen to FxF_x if the applied force magnitude FF is increased instead of the angle θ\theta?
  2. How does the coefficient of friction μs\mu_s affect static friction?
  3. How is the work done by the force F\vec{F} related to the angle θ\theta?
  4. What happens to the motion of the box if fs,maxf_{s,\text{max}} becomes smaller than the applied force?
  5. How would the frictional forces change if the surface were inclined?

Tip:

When analyzing force components, always separate the forces into perpendicular and parallel directions relative to the surface for easier calculation.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Forces
Trigonometry
Static and Kinetic Friction
Normal Force

Formulas

Horizontal force component: F_x = F * cos(θ)
Normal force: F_N = mg - F * sin(θ)
Static friction: f_s = μ_s * F_N
Maximum static friction: f_{s,max} = μ_s * F_N
Kinetic friction: f_k = μ_k * F_N

Theorems

Newton's First and Second Laws of Motion
Frictional Force Equations

Suitable Grade Level

College-level Physics or Advanced High School Physics