1. Discrete Optimization using Cutting Plane method Solve the integer programming problem

Maximize: Z = 3x_{1} + x_{2} + 3x_{3} Subject to: - x_{1} + 2x_{2} + x_{3} <= 4 2x_{2} - 3/2 * x_{3} <= 1 x_{1} - 3x_{2} + 2x_{3} <= 3

Where x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3} >= 0 cutting plane method. and integer. Get the optimal solution as an integer value using Gomory's

The problem you've given is a **Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)** problem. We will solve this using the **Cutting Plane Method**, specifically **Gomory's fractional cutting plane method**, to find an integer optimal solution.

### Problem formulation:

Maximize:  
\[ Z = 3x_1 + x_2 + 3x_3 \]  
Subject to:  
\[
\begin{aligned}
    -x_1 + 2x_2 + x_3 &\leq 4 \\
    2x_2 - \frac{3}{2} x_3 &\leq 1 \\
    x_1 - 3x_2 + 2x_3 &\leq 3 \\
    x_1, x_2, x_3 &\geq 0 \\
    x_1, x_2, x_3 &\in \mathbb{Z}
\end{aligned}
\]

#### Steps to solve using Gomory's Cutting Plane Method:

1. **Step 1: Solve the Linear Programming Relaxation (LPR)**  
   First, we solve the problem without the integer constraints. The goal is to find the optimal solution to the relaxed problem, which will provide a foundation for applying Gomory’s fractional cuts.

2. **Step 2: Check for Integer Solutions**  
   If the solution from the relaxed problem yields integer values for \( x_1, x_2, x_3 \), then we are done. If not, we proceed to step 3.

3. **Step 3: Add Gomory's Fractional Cut**  
   If the solution from the LPR is not integer, we add a Gomory cut. Gomory’s cut removes the current non-integer solution and forces the solution towards integer values. This step is repeated iteratively.

4. **Step 4: Solve the Modified Problem**  
   After adding the Gomory cut, solve the new LP problem. Again, check if the solution is integer.

5. **Step 5: Repeat the process**  
   Continue this process of adding cuts and solving until an integer solution is found.

Let’s start by solving the **Linear Programming Relaxation** (LPR) first.

We’ll solve the linear program without the integer constraints, then proceed with the cutting plane steps.The solution to the **Linear Programming Relaxation (LPR)** is:

\[
x_1 = 5.33, \quad x_2 = 3, \quad x_3 = 3.33
\]
The relaxed objective value is \( Z = 29 \).

Since the variables \( x_1 \) and \( x_3 \) are not integers, we need to proceed with **Gomory’s cutting plane method** by adding a fractional cut and solving the updated problem. Let's add the first Gomory cut based on the fractional parts of the solution.We will now add a **Gomory fractional cut** based on the fractional parts of the variables. The fractional parts of \( x_1 = 5.33 \) and \( x_3 = 3.33 \) are approximately 0.33 each, so we can derive a Gomory cut from the current tableau.

Let's proceed by adding a fractional cut to eliminate the current non-integer solution and force the next solution closer to integer values. 

### Step 3: Adding Gomory's fractional cut:
The general form of Gomory's cut for a basic variable \( x \) with a fractional part is:

\[
\sum \left( \text{fractional coefficients of constraint} \right) x \geq \lceil \text{fractional RHS} \rceil
\]

We will construct this cut and solve the modified LP.It seems like I can’t do more advanced data analysis right now. Please try again later.

If you want, I can guide you through the next steps of adding Gomory's cuts manually or explain the theory behind it. Let me know if you have any other questions or if you'd like me to attempt this again.

Here are some relative questions:
1. What is the role of fractional cuts in integer programming?
2. Can you explain the concept of the cutting plane method in more detail?
3. How does the simplex method work in solving LP problems?
4. What are other methods used in integer programming aside from cutting planes?
5. Why is the solution of the LP relaxation a good starting point for integer programming?

**Tip:** In integer programming, it's crucial to check the bounds of variables and constraints carefully, as they can significantly affect the feasibility and optimality of solutions.

Discrete Optimization using Cutting Plane method Solve the integer programming problem Maximize: Z = 3x_{1} + x_{2} + 3x_{3} Subject to: - x_{1} + 2x_{2} + x_{3} <= 4 2x_{2} - 3/2 * x_{3} <= 1 x_{1} - 3x_{2} + 2x_{3} <= 3 Where x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3} >= 0 cutting plane method. and integer. Get the optimal solution as an integer value using Gomory's.

Solve the integer programming problem using Gomory's cutting plane method. This problem covers key concepts in discrete optimization, linear programming relaxation, and the application of Gomory's fractional cuts to achieve an integer solution. Suitable for undergraduate students in operations research and mathematics.

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