Math Problem Statement

onsider the D’Alembert IVP: PDE: utt = uxx, 0 − ∞ < x < ∞, 0 < t < ∞ ICs: ( u(x, 0) = f (x) ut(x, 0) = 0 ∞ < x < ∞ where f (x) = ( 1 −1 < x < 1 0 otherwise For the following values of t, graph the forward moving wave, the backward moving wave, and the solution: (a) t = 0.25 (b) t = 0.75 Forward moving wave Backward moving wave Solution Forward moving wave Backward moving wave Solution Orthogonality and D’Alembert, Page 4 of 4 Due: October 8, 2024 (c) t = 2 Forward moving wave Backward moving wave Solution

Solution

Here are the graphs of the forward-moving wave, backward-moving wave, and the solution at the given times:

  1. For t=0.25t = 0.25:

    • The forward-moving wave is shifted right by 0.25.
    • The backward-moving wave is shifted left by 0.25.
    • The solution shows a non-zero overlap from 0.75<x<0.75-0.75 < x < 0.75.
  2. For t=0.75t = 0.75:

    • The forward-moving wave is shifted right by 0.75.
    • The backward-moving wave is shifted left by 0.75.
    • The solution shows a non-zero overlap from 0.25<x<0.25-0.25 < x < 0.25.
  3. For t=2t = 2:

    • The forward-moving wave is shifted right by 2.
    • The backward-moving wave is shifted left by 2.
    • There is no overlap between the waves, resulting in a zero solution everywhere.

Would you like more details or further clarification on any part of this process?

Related Questions:

  1. How would the solution change if the initial velocity ut(x,0)u_t(x, 0) were not zero?
  2. Can you explain the effect of different wave speeds on the solution of the wave equation?
  3. How does D'Alembert's solution extend to multi-dimensional problems?
  4. What is the physical significance of forward and backward-moving waves?
  5. How would the solution change if f(x)f(x) were a different shape, such as a Gaussian?

Tip: In wave equations, the overlap of forward and backward-moving waves determines the shape of the solution at any given time.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Partial Differential Equations
Wave Equation
D'Alembert Solution
Initial Value Problems

Formulas

D'Alembert's solution: u(x, t) = 0.5[f(x - t) + f(x + t)] + 0.5 ∫(x - t to x + t) g(s) ds
In this case, g(x) = 0, so u(x, t) simplifies to 0.5[f(x - t) + f(x + t)]

Theorems

D'Alembert's Principle for 1D Wave Equation

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Mathematics/Physics)