To solve this problem, we need to calculate the degree of the curve based on the given parameters: the middle ordinate and the length of the long chord. The degree of curve (D) in highway or railway engineering can be calculated using the formula involving these two parameters.

Key dataTo solve this problem, we need to calculate the degree of the curve based on the given parameters: the middle ordinate and the length of the long chord. The degree of curve (D) in highway or railway engineering can be calculated using the formula involving these two parameters.

Key

• Middle ordinate (M) = 2 meters
• Length of long chord (L) = 70 meters

Steps to solve:

1. Radius of the curve (R) can be estimated using the following relationship between the middle ordinate (M) and the length of the chord (L): $M = R \left( 1 - \cos \left( \frac{\Delta}{2} \right) \right)$ where $\Delta$ is the angle subtended by the curve (the central angle of the circular arc), which is related to the degree of the curve.

2. The degree of curve (D) is defined as the angle subtended by a 100-meter arc, but we will work with the geometry of this problem first to derive the angle subtended by the chord and then convert it into the degree of curve.

I will now proceed with the calculations.The calculated degree of the curve, based on the given middle ordinate and long chord, is approximately 18.65°. However, this is quite different from the options provided, which suggests that I may need to revisit the steps or interpret the problem in terms of another formula or assumption specific to road or railway engineering curves.

Would you like me to go over a different approach, or provide a more detailed explanation?

Here are 5 related questions for further exploration:

1. How is the degree of a circular curve defined in road design versus railway design?
2. What are the practical implications of different degrees of curvature in civil engineering?
3. How do you calculate the radius of a curve if you are given the degree of curvature directly?
4. How does the arc-based degree of curve differ from the chord-based method?
5. How would changing the middle ordinate affect the degree of the curve?

Tip: When working with circular curves, always ensure that the method of calculation (arc or chord-based) matches the given design standards to avoid discrepancies.