Math Problem Statement

Consider a chi-square distribution with 65 degrees of freedom. Find P(χ² < 85.6), P(χ² > 84.3), and P(60.7 < χ² < 82.3).

Solution

To solve these questions about the chi-square distribution with 65 degrees of freedom, we need to use the chi-square cumulative distribution function (CDF) and complementary CDF (for the "greater than" probabilities).

Here’s how we can approach each question:

  1. Find P(χ2<85.6)P(\chi^2 < 85.6)
    This is the cumulative probability of a chi-square variable with 65 degrees of freedom being less than 85.6. We’ll use the chi-square CDF for this calculation.

  2. Find P(χ2>84.3)P(\chi^2 > 84.3)
    This is the probability of a chi-square variable with 65 degrees of freedom being greater than 84.3. For this, we calculate P(χ2<84.3)P(\chi^2 < 84.3) and then use the complementary probability: P(χ2>84.3)=1P(χ2<84.3).P(\chi^2 > 84.3) = 1 - P(\chi^2 < 84.3).

  3. Find P(60.7<χ2<82.3)P(60.7 < \chi^2 < 82.3)
    This is the probability that the chi-square variable falls between 60.7 and 82.3. To compute this, we use: P(60.7<χ2<82.3)=P(χ2<82.3)P(χ2<60.7).P(60.7 < \chi^2 < 82.3) = P(\chi^2 < 82.3) - P(\chi^2 < 60.7).

I’ll calculate each probability value.Here are the calculated probabilities for each question:

  1. P(χ2<85.6)=0.9556P(\chi^2 < 85.6) = 0.9556
  2. P(χ2>84.3)=0.0541P(\chi^2 > 84.3) = 0.0541
  3. P(60.7<χ2<82.3)=0.5557P(60.7 < \chi^2 < 82.3) = 0.5557

Would you like any further details on these calculations, or do you have any questions?

Here are some related questions for practice:

  1. How would you calculate P(χ2<90)P(\chi^2 < 90) with 65 degrees of freedom?
  2. What is the impact of increasing the degrees of freedom on the shape of the chi-square distribution?
  3. How do we interpret the probability P(χ2>x)P(\chi^2 > x) in hypothesis testing?
  4. How would you find P(50<χ2<100)P(50 < \chi^2 < 100) for a chi-square distribution with a different number of degrees of freedom?
  5. Why is the chi-square distribution skewed, especially with lower degrees of freedom?

Tip: When calculating probabilities for "greater than" cases, it’s often easier to compute the CDF for the "less than" scenario and then subtract it from 1.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Chi-square distribution

Formulas

P(χ² < x) - CDF of chi-square distribution
P(χ² > x) = 1 - P(χ² < x) - complementary probability
P(a < χ² < b) = P(χ² < b) - P(χ² < a)

Theorems

Cumulative Distribution Function
Complementary Probability Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate