Math Problem Statement

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Solution

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Exponential Sums
Polynomials
Fourier Analysis
Number Theory

Formulas

Sf(N) = \sum_{n=1}^N e(f(n))
e(x) = \exp(2\pi i x)
|\sum_{n=1}^N e(\alpha n + \beta)| \leq \min{N, ||\alpha||^{-1}}
Sf(N) \ll_k N^{1-k} \left(N^{k-1} \sum_{d_1, \dots, d_{k-1}} \min{N, ||\alpha k d_1 \cdots d_{k-1}||^{-1}}\right)^{1/K}

Theorems

Lemma 5.1: Bound on linear exponential sums
Proposition 5.2: Exponential sum bounds for higher-degree polynomials

Suitable Grade Level

Advanced Undergraduate or Graduate Level