Math Problem Statement

Suppose an air-gap capacitor has circular plates of radius R = 2.0 cm and separation d = 0.60 mm. A 75.0 Hz emf, E = E0 cos(ωt), is applied to the capacitor. The maximum displacement current is 38 μA. Determine the maximum value of dΦE/dt between the plates. Neglect fringing. Express your answer using two significant figures.

Solution

To solve this problem, we will use the relationship between the displacement current (IdI_d) and the rate of change of the electric flux (dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}) in a capacitor.

Given Information:

  1. Radius of the capacitor plates (RR): 2.0cm=0.02m2.0 \, \text{cm} = 0.02 \, \text{m}
  2. Separation distance (dd): 0.60mm=0.0006m0.60 \, \text{mm} = 0.0006 \, \text{m}
  3. Frequency (ff): 75.0Hz75.0 \, \text{Hz}
  4. Maximum displacement current (IdI_d): 38μA=38×106A38 \, \mu\text{A} = 38 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{A}

Objective:

Determine the maximum value of dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} between the plates, with fringing effects neglected.

Solution:

  1. Displacement Current and Electric Flux Relationship: The displacement current IdI_d is related to the rate of change of electric flux dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} by the equation: Id=ϵ0dΦEdtI_d = \epsilon_0 \frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} where ϵ0\epsilon_0 is the permittivity of free space, approximately 8.85×1012F/m8.85 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{F/m}.

  2. Solving for dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}: Rearranging the equation to solve for dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}: dΦEdt=Idϵ0\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} = \frac{I_d}{\epsilon_0}

    Substituting the given values: dΦEdt=38×106A8.85×1012F/m\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} = \frac{38 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{A}}{8.85 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{F/m}}

  3. Calculating the Result: dΦEdt38×1068.85×1012=4.3×106Vm/s\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} \approx \frac{38 \times 10^{-6}}{8.85 \times 10^{-12}} = 4.3 \times 10^6 \, \text{V}\cdot\text{m/s}

Answer:

The maximum value of dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} between the plates is approximately 4.3×106Vm/s4.3 \times 10^6 \, \text{V}\cdot\text{m/s}, expressed with two significant figures.

Would you like more details, or do you have any questions?


Here are some related questions:

  1. How does the displacement current relate to the magnetic field around a capacitor?
  2. What would happen to dΦEdt\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} if the separation dd between plates increased?
  3. How does frequency affect the maximum displacement current in a capacitor?
  4. How would the electric field between the plates change if the radius of the plates increased?
  5. What assumptions are made by neglecting fringing effects?

Tip: When dealing with time-varying electric fields, the displacement current plays a role similar to conduction current in generating a magnetic field.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Electromagnetism
Displacement Current
Electric Flux

Formulas

Id = ε0 * (dΦE/dt)
dΦE/dt = Id / ε0

Theorems

Maxwell's Displacement Current Equation

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Level (Physics)