Math Problem Statement

Let **u** = ⟨5, −12⟩ and **c** = −3. What is ||cu||?

Solution

The problem asks for the value of cu\| c\mathbf{u} \|, where u=5,12\mathbf{u} = \langle 5, -12 \rangle and c=3c = -3.

Solution:

First, cuc\mathbf{u} represents the scalar multiplication of vector u\mathbf{u} by the constant cc. So,

cu=3×5,12=15,36c\mathbf{u} = -3 \times \langle 5, -12 \rangle = \langle -15, 36 \rangle

Now, we need to find the magnitude (norm) of this new vector 15,36\langle -15, 36 \rangle. The magnitude of a vector v=v1,v2\mathbf{v} = \langle v_1, v_2 \rangle is given by:

v=v12+v22\| \mathbf{v} \| = \sqrt{v_1^2 + v_2^2}

So,

cu=(15)2+362=225+1296=1521=39\| c\mathbf{u} \| = \sqrt{(-15)^2 + 36^2} = \sqrt{225 + 1296} = \sqrt{1521} = 39

Thus, cu=39\| c\mathbf{u} \| = 39.

The correct answer is 39.

Do you want more details on this calculation, or have any other questions?

Here are five related questions to further your understanding:

  1. What is the general formula for the magnitude of a vector?
  2. How does scalar multiplication affect the magnitude of a vector?
  3. How would the problem change if c=2c = 2?
  4. What happens to the direction of a vector when multiplied by a negative scalar?
  5. Can the magnitude of a vector ever be negative?

Tip: When multiplying a vector by a scalar, remember that the magnitude scales by the absolute value of the scalar, but the direction reverses if the scalar is negative.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Vectors
Scalar Multiplication
Magnitude of Vectors

Formulas

Magnitude of vector ⟨v₁, v₂⟩: ||v|| = sqrt(v₁² + v₂²)
Scalar multiplication of vector by c: c⟨v₁, v₂⟩ = ⟨cv₁, cv₂⟩

Theorems

Pythagorean theorem for magnitude of vectors

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 9-12