The pH value of a sample of each substance is given. Find 

left bracket Upper H Superscript plus right bracketH+ 

of the substance.

**a.** Substance​ A:  

pHequals=3.213.21

**b.** Substance​ B:  

pHequals=7.57.5

**c.** Substance​ C:  

pHequals=7.787.78

**d.** Substance​ D:  

pHequals=44




The concentration of hydrogen ions \(\left[ \text{H}^+ \right]\) can be found using the formula:

\[
\left[ \text{H}^+ \right] = 10^{-\text{pH}}
\]

We will calculate \(\left[ \text{H}^+ \right]\) for each substance.

### a. Substance A: pH = 3.21
\[
\left[ \text{H}^+ \right] = 10^{-3.21} \approx 6.17 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{M}
\]

### b. Substance B: pH = 7.5
\[
\left[ \text{H}^+ \right] = 10^{-7.5} \approx 3.16 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{M}
\]

### c. Substance C: pH = 7.78
\[
\left[ \text{H}^+ \right] = 10^{-7.78} \approx 1.66 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{M}
\]

### d. Substance D: pH = 4
\[
\left[ \text{H}^+ \right] = 10^{-4} = 1.00 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{M}
\]

Thus, the hydrogen ion concentrations for each substance are:
- **Substance A**: \( \approx 6.17 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{M} \)
- **Substance B**: \( \approx 3.16 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{M} \)
- **Substance C**: \( \approx 1.66 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{M} \)
- **Substance D**: \( 1.00 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{M} \)

Would you like further details or have any questions?

### Relative Questions:
1. How does the pH scale relate to the acidity of a solution?
2. What is the difference in \(\left[ \text{H}^+ \right]\) between acidic and basic substances?
3. How does a small change in pH affect the \(\left[ \text{H}^+ \right]\)?
4. What is the \(\left[ \text{H}^+ \right]\) of a neutral substance at room temperature?
5. How can you experimentally determine the pH of a solution?

### Tip:
Remember, a lower pH indicates a higher concentration of \(\text{H}^+\) ions, meaning the solution is more acidic.

The pH value of a sample of each substance is given. Find [H+] of the substance.

a. Substance A: pH = 3.21
b. Substance B: pH = 7.5
c. Substance C: pH = 7.78
d. Substance D: pH = 4

Learn how to calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] for substances with different pH values: A (pH = 3.21), B (pH = 7.5), C (pH = 7.78), and D (pH = 4). This problem covers logarithmic and exponential functions related to chemistry, suitable for Grades 9-12 students.

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