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Let's analyze the problem step by step.

### Given:
The table provides the estimated population of Brazil for the years 2005 and 2050, divided by age groups:

| Faixa etária (em anos) | População (em milhões) |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|
| **2005** | **2050** |
| 0 a 14 | 51,4 | 46,3 |
| 15 a 29 | 50,9 | 49,5 |
| 30 a 44 | 44,3 | 51,7 |
| 45 a 59 | 25,3 | 48,2 |
| 60 ou mais | 16,3 | 64,1 |
| **Total** | **184,2** | **259,8** |

### Questions:
#### a) Da população que, em 2005, tinha idade entre 0 e 14 anos, qual percentual falecerá antes de 2050?
To solve this, we need to compare the population aged 0-14 in 2005 with the estimated population of people aged 45-59 and older in 2050 (since the population from 0-14 in 2005 would be 45-59 by 2050 if alive). 

Population of 0-14 years old in 2005: **51.4 million**  
Population of 45-59 years old in 2050: **48.2 million**  

Now, subtract the number of people expected to survive in the 45-59 age group:
\[
51.4 - 48.2 = 3.2 \text{ million}
\]
So, **3.2 million** people from the 0-14 group in 2005 are estimated to have passed away before 2050.

To find the percentage:
\[
\frac{3.2}{51.4} \times 100 \approx 6.23\%
\]
So, approximately **6.23%** of the population that was aged 0-14 in 2005 is estimated to pass away before 2050.

#### b) Quantas pessoas nascidas após 2005 permanecerão vivas em 2050?
Here we need to find how many people born after 2005 are alive in 2050. From the 2050 data, the groups that were born after 2005 correspond to the 0-44 age range. Adding the populations for these age groups in 2050:
\[
46.3 + 49.5 + 51.7 = 147.5 \text{ million}
\]
Thus, **147.5 million** people born after 2005 are expected to be alive in 2050.

#### c) Sabendo que os indivíduos do sexo masculino corresponderão a 44% da população acima de 60 anos em 2050, qual será a diferença, em habitantes, entre o número de mulheres e o número de homens nessa faixa etária, em 2050?
The total population aged 60 or more in 2050 is **64.1 million**. If 44% are male, we can find the number of males:
\[
0.44 \times 64.1 = 28.2 \text{ million men}
\]
The number of women would be the remainder:
\[
64.1 - 28.2 = 35.9 \text{ million women}
\]
The difference between women and men in this group is:
\[
35.9 - 28.2 = 7.7 \text{ million}
\]
So, there will be **7.7 million** more women than men in the 60+ age group in 2050.

---

Would you like more details on any part of the solution? Here are some related questions:

1. What is the percentage increase in the total population from 2005 to 2050?
2. How much will the population aged 45-59 grow from 2005 to 2050?
3. What is the percentage growth of the 60+ population between 2005 and 2050?
4. If the 15-29 group in 2005 moves to the 60+ group in 2050, what would be their survival rate?
5. How does the population shift in the younger age group (0-14) from 2005 to 2050?

**Tip:** When calculating population changes, always identify corresponding age groups between two periods for better accuracy!

A tabela abaixo mostra os valores estimados da população brasileira nos anos de 2005 e 2050, divididos por faixas etárias. Com base nessa tabela, responda às perguntas abaixo, desprezando a migração internacional.

This problem involves analyzing Brazilian population estimates for 2005 and 2050. Solve percentage and population difference problems using basic subtraction and percentage formulas. Key concepts include calculating the survival rate of the 0-14 group from 2005 to 2050 and finding the difference between male and female populations in the 60+ group.

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