Math Problem Statement

A series RLC circuit containing a resistance of 10 Ω, inductance of 0.18 H, and a capacitor of 120 μF are connected in series across a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. Find: (a) Impedance (b) Circuit current (c) Phase angle between voltage and current (d) Power factor

Solution

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Question 1: A Series RLC Circuit

Circuit Details:

  • Resistance R=10ΩR = 10 \, \Omega
  • Inductance L=0.18HL = 0.18 \, \text{H}
  • Capacitance C=120μFC = 120 \, \mu\text{F}
  • Voltage V=240VV = 240 \, \text{V}
  • Frequency f=50Hzf = 50 \, \text{Hz}

Solution:

  1. Angular frequency: ω=2πf=2π50=314.16rad/s\omega = 2 \pi f = 2 \pi \cdot 50 = 314.16 \, \text{rad/s}

  2. Inductive reactance: XL=ωL=314.160.18=56.55ΩX_L = \omega L = 314.16 \cdot 0.18 = 56.55 \, \Omega

  3. Capacitive reactance: XC=1ωC=1314.16120106=26.53ΩX_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} = \frac{1}{314.16 \cdot 120 \cdot 10^{-6}} = 26.53 \, \Omega

  4. Net reactance: X=XLXC=56.5526.53=30.02ΩX = X_L - X_C = 56.55 - 26.53 = 30.02 \, \Omega

  5. Impedance: Z=R2+X2=102+30.022=100+900.8=31.62ΩZ = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} = \sqrt{10^2 + 30.02^2} = \sqrt{100 + 900.8} = 31.62 \, \Omega

  6. Circuit current: I=VZ=24031.62=7.59AI = \frac{V}{Z} = \frac{240}{31.62} = 7.59 \, \text{A}

  7. Phase angle: θ=tan1(XR)=tan1(30.0210)=tan1(3.002)=71.57\theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{X}{R}\right) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{30.02}{10}\right) = \tan^{-1}(3.002) = 71.57^\circ

  8. Power factor: Power Factor=cosθ=cos(71.57)=0.325\text{Power Factor} = \cos\theta = \cos(71.57^\circ) = 0.325

Final Answers:

  • (a) Impedance Z=31.62ΩZ = 31.62 \, \Omega
  • (b) Circuit current I=7.59AI = 7.59 \, \text{A}
  • (c) Phase angle θ=71.57\theta = 71.57^\circ
  • (d) Power factor = 0.325

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

AC Circuit Analysis
Impedance
Phase Angle
Power Factor

Formulas

ω = 2πf
X_L = ωL
X_C = 1 / (ωC)
Z = √(R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2)
I = V / Z
tanθ = (X_L - X_C) / R
Power Factor = cosθ

Theorems

Ohm's Law for AC Circuits
Trigonometric Relationships in AC Analysis

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Electrical Engineering