Math Problem Statement

Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region in the first quadrant bounded by the given curve about the y-axis. y = 9 - (x - 9)^2

Solution

The problem involves finding the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curve y=9(x9)2y = 9 - (x - 9)^2 about the y-axis. To solve this, we can use the method of cylindrical shells.

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Rewrite the equation: The given equation is y=9(x9)2y = 9 - (x - 9)^2. This is a parabola shifted to the right along the x-axis, with its vertex at (9,9)(9, 9).

  2. Find the limits of integration: Since the region is bounded in the first quadrant, we need to find the xx-intercepts of the curve. Set y=0y = 0 and solve for xx: 0=9(x9)20 = 9 - (x - 9)^2 (x9)2=9(x - 9)^2 = 9 Taking the square root of both sides: x9=±3x - 9 = \pm 3 Thus, x=6x = 6 and x=12x = 12.

    The region we are interested in is from x=6x = 6 to x=9x = 9 in the first quadrant.

  3. Use the cylindrical shells method: For a rotation around the y-axis, the volume of a cylindrical shell is given by the formula: V=2πx1x2xh(x)dxV = 2\pi \int_{x_1}^{x_2} x \cdot h(x) \, dx where h(x)=yh(x) = y is the height of the shell at any point xx.

    In our case, h(x)=9(x9)2h(x) = 9 - (x - 9)^2, and the limits of integration are x1=6x_1 = 6 and x2=12x_2 = 12.

    So the volume is: V=2π612x(9(x9)2)dxV = 2\pi \int_{6}^{12} x \cdot \left(9 - (x - 9)^2 \right) dx

  4. Expand the integrand: V=2π612x(9(x218x+81))dxV = 2\pi \int_{6}^{12} x \cdot \left( 9 - (x^2 - 18x + 81) \right) dx Simplify the expression inside the integral: V=2π612x(9x2+18x81)dxV = 2\pi \int_{6}^{12} x \cdot \left( 9 - x^2 + 18x - 81 \right) dx V=2π612x(x2+18x72)dxV = 2\pi \int_{6}^{12} x \cdot \left( -x^2 + 18x - 72 \right) dx Now distribute xx: V=2π612(x3+18x272x)dxV = 2\pi \int_{6}^{12} \left( -x^3 + 18x^2 - 72x \right) dx

  5. Integrate: Now, integrate each term: x3dx=x44,18x2dx=6x3,72xdx=36x2\int -x^3 dx = -\frac{x^4}{4}, \quad \int 18x^2 dx = 6x^3, \quad \int -72x dx = -36x^2 Applying these results, we get: V=2π[(x44+6x336x2)612]V = 2\pi \left[ \left( -\frac{x^4}{4} + 6x^3 - 36x^2 \right) \Bigg|_6^{12} \right]

  6. Evaluate the definite integral: Now, substitute x=12x = 12 and x=6x = 6 into the expression:

    For x=12x = 12: (1244+6(12)336(12)2)=(207364+6(1728)36(144))\left( -\frac{12^4}{4} + 6(12)^3 - 36(12)^2 \right) = \left( -\frac{20736}{4} + 6(1728) - 36(144) \right) =5184+103685184=0= -5184 + 10368 - 5184 = 0

    For x=6x = 6: (644+6(6)336(6)2)=(12964+6(216)36(36))\left( -\frac{6^4}{4} + 6(6)^3 - 36(6)^2 \right) = \left( -\frac{1296}{4} + 6(216) - 36(36) \right) =324+12961296=324= -324 + 1296 - 1296 = -324

  7. Final calculation: Now calculate the volume: V=2π[0(324)]=2π×324=648πV = 2\pi \left[ 0 - (-324) \right] = 2\pi \times 324 = 648\pi

Thus, the volume of the solid is 648π\boxed{648\pi} cubic units.

Would you like further details on any step, or additional examples?


Here are 5 related questions to explore further:

  1. How do you find the volume of solids using the disk method?
  2. What is the difference between the disk and shell methods?
  3. How would the method change if rotating around the x-axis instead?
  4. Can this problem be solved using polar coordinates?
  5. How do you find the centroid of the region described?

Tip: The cylindrical shells method is typically easier to use when rotating around the y-axis, especially when the function is written as y=f(x)y = f(x).

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Volume of Solids
Cylindrical Shells Method

Formulas

V = 2π ∫(x * h(x)) dx
h(x) = 9 - (x - 9)^2
V = 2π ∫[6,12] x * (9 - (x - 9)^2) dx

Theorems

Cylindrical Shells Method
Definite Integral

Suitable Grade Level

College Calculus