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Let's solve the problem step by step using the information provided in the images.

### Part (a):
The problem requires calculating 7.5% of the adjusted gross income (AGI) for spouse 1:
- **Adjusted gross income of spouse 1:** $73,000

To find 7.5% of $73,000:
\[
7.5\% \text{ of } 73,000 = 0.075 \times 73,000 = 5,475
\]

Thus, the correct choice is:
- **Option A:** 7.5% of the adjusted gross income for spouse 1 is $5,475. The medical expenses for spouse 1 exceed 7.5% of the AGI, so a deduction can be claimed for the excess medical expenses.

### Part (d):
To find the income tax owed by spouse 1, if the couple files separately and splits the $29,000 in deductions evenly:
- **Half of the combined deductions:** $ \frac{29,000}{2} = 14,500 $
- **Taxable income for spouse 1:** $ 73,000 - 14,500 = 58,500 $

Using the 2021 marginal tax rates for "Married Filing Separately":
1. **10% tax rate** applies up to $9,950:
   \[
   9,950 \times 0.10 = 995
   \]
2. **12% tax rate** applies from $9,951 to $40,525:
   \[
   (40,525 - 9,950) \times 0.12 = 30,575 \times 0.12 = 3,669
   \]
3. **22% tax rate** applies from $40,526 to $58,500:
   \[
   (58,500 - 40,525) \times 0.22 = 17,975 \times 0.22 = 3,954.50
   \]

Adding these tax amounts:
\[
995 + 3,669 + 3,954.50 = 8,618.50
\]

Therefore, the income tax owed by spouse 1 is **$8,618.50**.

Would you like more details, or do you have any further questions?

### Related Questions:
1. How would the tax owed change if they filed jointly instead?
2. What would happen if the medical expenses were below 7.5% of the adjusted gross income?
3. How do marginal tax rates differ from flat tax rates?
4. What other deductions could potentially lower taxable income for this couple?
5. How do tax rates vary for different filing statuses?

### Tip:
Always double-check the tax brackets and rates for the specific year when calculating income tax, as these can change annually.

Suppose a married couple has the following individual adjusted gross incomes, total combined deductions, and medical expenses. Adjusted gross income of spouse 1: $73,000; adjusted gross income of spouse 2: $68,000; combined deductions without medical expenses: $29,000; medical expenses for spouse 1: $10,100; medical expenses for spouse 2: none. Calculate deductions based on medical expenses and determine income tax owed by spouse 1 when filing separately and splitting deductions evenly.

Learn how to calculate the tax deductions based on medical expenses and adjusted gross income for a married couple filing separately. This detailed solution includes the step-by-step calculation of 7.5% medical expense deduction, marginal tax rates for 2021, and the total tax owed by spouse 1.

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